Safety and proper use of pesticides on orange fruits

The aim of this work is studying the correlation
between applicable control of Parlatoria
ziziphi (Lucas)
and obtained healthy and high quality orange fruits. So, the objective of  this research 
was  organized  through 
three  parts, The first part  was 
conducted  in orange orchard at
Qalubyia Governorate to evaluate the pesticidal efficiency of  four compounds representing  three insecticidal groups (Neonicotinoid, Avermectin and Organophosphrus) to struggle P. ziziphi  on orange trees and protect the crop from the
insect damage. The results published that Agriflex has the highest toxicity of
the tested compound on P. ziziphi  population and recorded 74.3% reduction,
followed by Best (73% reduction), then 
Sunfidor (70.18% reduction) while Reldan came in the last order with
69.7% reduction. Also the statistical analysis elucidate the time uphold the
efficiency of the four tested compound and the highest percentages reduction of
P. ziziphi population after thirty days of application when
compared by the other intervals. The second part: to determine the residues of
the tested pesticides in orange fruits through initial time (zero time) and
final time (at harvest). The results showed that the values of initial deposits
of all tested insecticides were surpassed the maximum residue limits (MRL)
while no residues of pesticides detected at harvest time (after 20 days of
application).The third part: to examine the effect of the tested insecticides
on quality orange fruit. Results obtained showed that all tested insecticides
decreased the total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (Ta),
Ascorbic acid and total sugar without significant differences except Best which
increase the total sugar than untreated fruits while all tested insecticides
exhibited non-significant increase on relative sweetness of orange fruits than
untreated except Agriflex. The ratable data showed that all tested pesticides exhibited satisfied effect against P. ziziphi
ranged from 69.73 to 74.31% reduction. They are safe at harvest interval 20
days after treatment. Also, they showed insignificant effect on orange fruits
quality. It could be recommended Best 25% WP as it caused increase in total
sugar in orange fruits, than un-treated; also fruits had the highest value of
total soluble solids and acidity than other pesticides.