Effects of Two Neonicotinoids Insecticides on Some Anti-Oxidant Enzymes and Hematological Parameters in Egyptian Frogs, Bufo regularis.

The effect of two neonicotinoid pesticides,
Actra and Acetamore, on the Egyptian frog (Bufo
regularis) was evaluated. Some parameters were selected to reflect and
measure the stress caused by exposing frogs to 1/6 of the recommended field
concentration. Stress parameters included malondialdehyde (MDA), the
antioxidant enzyme, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)
besides some hematological parameters. 
Results showed that activities of the enzymes GSH and SOD decreased
significantly after treatments with both pesticides. GSH content decreased by
29.47% and 47.37% compared to control frogs, while SOD activity decreased by
11.37% and 18.88% after exposure to Actra and Acetamore pesticides,
respectively. The exposure for both pesticides promotes significant increase
in  MDA content and also caused a
significant reduction for serum albumin fraction and total proteins. The number
of total red blood cells (RBCs) and hematocrit values showed a non-significant
decrease, whereas the number of white blood cells (WBCs) increased
significantly by 82.54% and 127.5%, after the exposure to Actra and Acetamore,
respectively. Hemoglobin content and the blood indices such as Mean corpuscular
volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC) declined significantly only in Acetamore treated frogs.
Changes caused by Acetamore exposure were much more profound for nearly all
studied parameters in comparison to changes caused by Actra. Alteration took
place in the studied parameters could have adverse influence on major physiological
functions in frogs, which could result in more vulnerable adults.