Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Alleviation of Lead-Induced Immunotoxicity by Moringa oleifera in Albino Rats1162508410.21608/eajbsf.2019.25084ENRania A.ElgawishDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptHaidy G.Abdel-RahmanDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptSeham A.HelmyDepartment of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt/Female College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaDoaa I. M.KabilDepartment of Home Economics, Nutrition and Food Science Branch, Faculty of Specific Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptHeba M. A.AbdelrazekDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20190117<span lang="EN-GB">The existing study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative influences of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> on several immune parameters in male rats subsequent to lead administration. Twenty eight adult male rats were randomly assigned equally into 4 groups; control group was given distilled water. Lead treated rats were administrated a dose of 44 mg of lead acetate/kg BW. Moringa group was treated with 50 mg/ kg BW of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Moringa oleifera</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> leaf extract. Lead and moringa treated group was given a dose of 44 mg/kg of lead acetate </span><span lang="EN-GB">and </span><span lang="EN-GB">50 mg/ kg of moringa extract. Treatments were given orally by gavage tube for one month. By the termination of the experimental period, rats were immolated; spleen and thymus weights were recorded in addition to the collection of blood and tissue samples. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IF-γ), interlukin-2 (IL-2) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed in serum. Complete blood picture was evaluated for rats. Body weight gain was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in lead and moringa treated rats in comparison to control. A significant (P<0.05) increase in spleen weights was observed in lead and moringa co-administered group compared to moringa treated group. Lead administration produced higher (P<0.001) levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IF-γ compared to that in other groups. In contrary, the level of TAC was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in lead treated rats. A significant (P<0.01) reduction in RBCs and low level of hemoglobin (P=0.07) were observed in lead-treated rats. Spleen of rats receiving lead showed widespread hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in white pulp and hemosiderin pigment in red pulp. Thymus of rats receiving lead showed marked proliferation in the cortical region. Spleen and thymus of rats receiving lead showed a higher (P<0.01) immune reactivity for NF-κB and CD8<sup>+</sup> parallel to that in other groups. In conclusion, the administration of <em>Moringa oleifera </em>extract ameliorates the immunotoxicity induced by lead exposure in rats. </span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Management of Pests Attacking Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) Plants and their Relationship with Actual Yield Under the Greenhouse.17252644010.21608/eajbsf.2019.26440ENAbla F. A.SaadPlant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181228 Experiments were conducted in the experimental Horticulture Research Station in Qaha city, Qalubiya Governorate under greenhouse conditions during two successive seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). The study aims for managing of pests attacking tomato, <em>Lycopersicon esculentum </em>(Mill.) plants and their relationship with product yield, by using insecticides, orange oil and mineral oil alone and in binary mixtures, their relationship with crop yield under the greenhouse. <em>Bemisia tabaci </em>(Genn.), <em>Tuta absoluta </em>(Meyrick) and <em>Tetranychus urticae </em>(Koch) were the most important pests found on a tomato plant. These pests are causing great losses in tomato yield. Results showed that using Actara binary mixtures with mineral oil or orange oil binary mixtures with mineral oil have a highly significant effect on decreasing pests population infesting tomato plants and improving actual yield. The insecticide binary mixtures with mineral oil have an effect on population pests whereas decreased the mean number of pests and were the most efficient method compared to without treatment area.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Toxicity of some Essential oils and its Biochemical Effect against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)27382733110.21608/eajbsf.2019.27331ENEl-Gizawy K.Kh.Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric. Moshtohor, Benha Univ., EgyptHalawa S.M.Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric. Moshtohor, Benha Uni., Egypt.Mehany A.L.Plant Research Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abozaabal, EgyptMohamed S.A.Plant Research Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abozaabal, EgyptJournal Article20190102Fumigant activities for four essential oils; Garlic oil (<em>Allium sativum</em>L); Basil oil(<em>Ocimum basilicum</em>); Pine (<em>Pinus longifolia </em>L.) and Eucalyptus (<em>Eucalyptus oblique </em>L.<em>) </em>at different concentrations after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days at 28±1° C were tested against 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae and adults of the red flour beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. The results showed that mortality increased with increasing oil concentration and time of exposure, also the higher essential oils toxicity at the LC<sub>50</sub> after 7 days post-treatment was Garlic oil. Effects of Garlic essential oils on some enzymes activity in 4<sup>th</sup> instars’ larvae of <em>T. castaneum</em> were investigated. From this study, we conclude that these essential oils have a potential for applications in IPM programs for stored-grain pests because of its high volatility and fumigant activity.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Biological Control of Duranta Aphid, Aphis durantae Theobald by Release Coccinella septempunctata L. on Duranta Plants under Glasshouse Conditions39492879710.21608/eajbsf.2019.28797ENEmam A.S.Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptSamia A.YassinPlant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptFaragalla F.H.Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190106 This study was carried out to evaluate the management of Duranta aphid <em>Aphis durantae</em> Theobald (Homoptera: Aphididae) which infesting duranta plantsby releasing different levels of the seven- spotted lady beetle, <em>Coccinella septempunctata</em> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
This study was carried out at two locations (Governorates), The International Garden, Cairo Governorate and El-Orman Garden, Giza Governorate during successive season 2018 under glasshouse conditions. <em> </em>
The seven- spotted lady beetle, <em>C. septempunctata</em> was released for one time at early February on durantaplants at the two locations at rates of 30, 60 and 90 eggs/plant. In the first level of release (30 eggs/plant), at Cairo Governorate the reduction percentages in the population ofDuranta aphid, <em>A. durantae</em> increased gradually whereas it were 24.0, 34.4, 44.6, 57.1 and 66.6% on mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. The same trend was achieved at Giza Governorate. Also, in the second level of release (60 eggs/plant), at Cairo Governorate the reduction percentages in the population of<em> A. durantae </em>increased gradually whereas it were 27.1, 40.2, 50.3, 60.0 and 69.7% on mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. The same trend was achieved at Giza Governorate. Lastly, the third level of release (90 eggs/plant), at Cairo Governorate the reduction percentages in the population of<em> A. durantae</em> increased gradually whereas it were 31.3, 46.0, 58.7, 68.3 and 74.1% on mid-February, first-March, mid-March, first-April and mid-April, respectively. In addition, the same trend was achieved at Giza Governorate.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Antioxidant Activity and Biological Studies of Two Medicinal Plant Extracts on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd)51642879810.21608/eajbsf.2019.28798ENMona N.WahbaPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki 12613, Giza, EgyptHanan S.GaballaBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.Journal Article20190109Control management of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd) infestation has been achieved by using chemical insecticides. However, the environment-friendly methods without unwanted side effects of these chemicals are becoming very important in modern pest management strategies. Natural products including plant ethanolic extracts and essential oils are some of the alternative approaches in pest control. The essential oils were extracted and their chemical composition was identified using a GC/MS spectrometer. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various extracts of sage and thyme plants by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. The obtained results revealed that concentrations at 25, 50, 100 and 200µg/ml of essential oils and ethanolic extract from both plants were more efficient in scavenging free radicals after 30 min when compared with butyl hydroxyl toluene(BHT) as synthetic standard. The concentrations 100 and 200µg/mL from ethanolic and essential oils were having higher activity than other extracts and standard .Furthermore, Sage and thyme extracts were investigated for their toxicity against cotton leafworm, <em>S. littoralis</em> in the laboratory, the percentages of cumulative mortality of larvae as well as the latent effects of the 4<sup>th</sup> instar of <em>S. littoralis</em> four concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) were applied. It was found that ethanolic extract of two plants was more efficient than essential oils on different stages of <em>S. littoralis</em>. The results showed that there were highly significant differences between all treatments and control some biological aspects.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Biological Activity of Prunus Domestica (Rosaceae) and Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamnaceae) leaves extracts against the Mosquito Vector, Culex Pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)65732934310.21608/eajbsf.2019.29343ENAhmed Z.I.ShehataDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, EgyptJournal Article20190119The activity of methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of <em>Prunus domestica</em> and<em> Rhamnus cathartica</em> leaves against third-instar larvae of the filarial vector, <em>Culex pipiens</em> (Diptera: Culicidae) and resulted pupae were evaluated. In addition, the repellent activity of tested extracts against<em> C. pipiens</em> starved females was determined. Results showed that all tested extracts possess larvicidal activity against<em> C. pipiens</em> third larval instar; however, the petroleum ether extract from leaves of <em>P. domestica</em> and<em> R. cathartica</em> was more effective (LC<sub>50</sub> 33.3 and 63.4ppm) than chloroform (LC<sub>50</sub> 70.8 and 192.1ppm) and methanolic extracts (LC<sub>50</sub> 132.7 and 273.5ppm), respectively. Also, both larval and pupal periods were prolonged by all tested extracts as compared with control groups. On the other hand, all tested extracts exhibited a variable degree of repellency against <em>C. pipiens</em> starved females depending on dose and solvent used in extraction. The highest repellency (97.3 and 90.2%) was recorded by petroleum ether extract of<em> P. domestica</em> at the highest doses (3.33 and 5.0mg/cm<sup>2</sup>), while petroleum ether extract of<em> R. cathartica</em> recorded 89.8 and 80.0% repellency at the same doses, respectively. These results proved that methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of <em>P. domestica</em> and<em> R. cathartica</em> leaves act as<em> C. pipiens</em> control agents, even in the crude form, providing an opportunity to reach ,mosquito control agents from cheap, available plants which are safe to non-target organisms, as well as environment. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Disturbing Effects of the Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors, Novaluron and Diofenolan, on the Phosphatase Activity in the Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).75862934510.21608/eajbsf.2019.29345ENTanani M.A.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Madenit Nasr, Cairo, Egypt.Bakr N.A.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Madenit Nasr, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20190128 The pink bollworm <em>Pectinophora gossypiella</em> is one of the most destructive insects attacking cotton fields worldwide. It acquired resistance against most of the conventional pesticides. Therefore, the present study was carried out aiming at the investigation of disturbing effects of Novaluron (LC<strong><sub>50</sub></strong>: 0.765 ppm) and Diofenolan (LC<strong><sub>50</sub></strong>: 0.036 ppm) on the phosphatase activity in homogenates of larvae (6 hr post-treatment) as well as in early- aged pupae (1-day old), mid-aged pupae (3-day old) and late-aged pupae (7-day old), after treatment of full-grown larvae. After treatment with Novaluron and Diofenolan, both compounds enhanced the larvae to attain remarkably elevated acid phosphatase activity (ACP). In the pupae, ACP activity was predominantly promoted by both compounds, regardless the age. The Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was tremendously declined in the treated larvae. Novaluron enhanced pupae to gain slightly or considerably increasing activity, regardless the age. On the other hand, Diofenolan exhibited a diverse effect since the enzyme activity was pronouncedly declinedin the early-aged pupae but remarkably enhanced in the mid- and late-aged pupae.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Efficiency of the Gamma Irradiation in Controlling the Red Flour Beetles, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, and Preventing Its Secondary Infestations87962934710.21608/eajbsf.2019.29347ENThanaa M.SileemBiological Application Department-Nuclear Research Center-Atomic Energy Authority. P.O.Box 13759, Abo-Zaabal, EgyptSamia A.MohamedBiological Application Department-Nuclear Research Center-Atomic Energy Authority. P.O.Box 13759, Abo-Zaabal, EgyptEman A.MahmoudBiological Application Department-Nuclear Research Center-Atomic Energy Authority. P.O.Box 13759, Abo-Zaabal, EgyptJournal Article20190129The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different doses of gamma irradiation (0, 50,100,500 and 1000 Gy) on the mortality percentage of both of larvae and adult stages of the red flour beetle<em>, Tribolium castaneum </em>Herbst. (Coleoptera- Tenebrionidae). Also, the effect of gamma irradiation on both of the Quinones secretion and the microflora associated with the pest stages was investigated. The results showed that the incremental of adult and larval mortality percentages were significant (P <0.05) affected by an increment of gamma irradiation dose. The results of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry patterns exhibited a strong inhibitory effect of irradiation on Quinones secreted by both stages. The used doses succeed in reducing the count of microflora were associated with both larval and adult stages. This reduction reached zero for fungi and bacteria isolated from the surface at the dose 1000 Gy. Obtained data suggested that the irradiation of red flour beetles with 1000 Gy is a promising tool for the control of this destructive pest and prevent its harmful effects associated with its infestation. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Non-chemical Approaches Suppressed Damage and Oviposition Rate of Date Palm Hopper, Ommatissus lybicus971032979810.21608/eajbsf.2019.29798ENSomayyehTofangdarAgricultural Jihad of Mohr (Varavi Division), Agricultural Organization of Fars province, Iran.Majeed AskariSeyahooeiPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.AbdoolnabiBagheriPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.Journal Article20190201Chemical application is the most common practice widely used against date palm hopper (DPH), <em>Ommatissus lybicus </em>de Bergevin (Hem.: Tropiduchidae). Herein, we studied the efficiency of non-chemical approaches in suppressing DPH damage in the field condition. The study was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCB) with eight treatments, spraying micronized Kaolin (5% SP); Volck oil (1.5% EC); Citogate oil (1.5% EC); coconut oil soap (1.5% EC); yellow cards (six cards per 10 mature leaves and four cards per10 mature leaves); Diazinon (60% EC) and control, replicated three times. Results revealed that all treatments caused a sharp decrease in population of DPH (both adults and nymphs) up to the end of the third week and Diazinon was the most influential treatment (F = 623.92; df = 7; P <0.01, F = 367.71; df = 7; P <0.01, F = 121.11; df = 7; P <0.01 for the first, second and third week after the experiment, respectively). This result was also confirmed by a decrease in the number of eggs laid by females DPH (F= 53.89; d.f=7; P< 0.01). All treatments significantly diminished the egg laying of DPH compared with control. The two of non-chemical treatments, Kaolin and coconut oil soap showed high efficiency in decreasing population of DPH without destructive effects on the environment, we can suggest these two eco-friendly products be used safely against Dubas bug. In addition, kaolin may contribute in decreasing the sunburn effects which is suggested to be studied by further research. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Genome-wide DNA Mutability and Biochemical Effects of Novel Insecticides in the Control of Date Palm Fruit Pest Ephestia cautella (Walker)105223175910.21608/eajbsf.2019.31759ENFouad A.AhmedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Cairo University, EgyptMohamed M.RashedBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Cairo University, EgyptHala M.Abou-YousfBioassayDepartment, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL), Agriculture Research Center (ARC). EgyptEmam A.Abdel-RahimBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Cairo University, EgyptShaimaa M.MahdiBioassayDepartment, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory (CAPL), Agriculture Research Center (ARC). Egypt.Gamal H.Osman-Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, PO Box 715, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbial Genetics Lab., Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC). Egypt.Mohamed A.M.AtiaMolecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Lab., Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC). EgyptJournal Article20190203<span lang="EN-GB">Different pests attack date palm fruits during all the stages of maturity. Almond moth (<em>Ephestia cautella</em>) is a destructive insect of stored products, such as dates, wheat flour, and nuts. In the present study, the usage of novel groups of insecticides (Spinosyns, Diamide, Pyridalyl, and Azadirachtin) that are safe for humans and exert a relatively lower effect on the environment was assessed. In particular, the toxicological and biochemical impacts of five insecticides (Tracer, Radiant, Coragen, Pleo, and Achook) on the control of <em>E. Cautella </em>were evaluated, and the genome-wide DNA mutability caused by these insecticides was screened. A bioassay was performed in order to determine the LC<sub>50</sub>value for each insecticide, the results of which revealed that Coragen with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.49 ppm was the most potent insecticide, followed by Radiant and Achook (with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.51 and 1.73 ppm, respectively). In addition, the effect of these insecticides on vital enzymes was investigated. The data from this investigation revealed that the treatment with Radiant demonstrated stimulation in AST, ACP, ALP, and GST activity, and inhibition in AChE, ALT, and protease activity. The insects treated with Coragen exhibited an elevation in the activities of AChE, GST, ALP, ACP, ALT, and protease. Finally, DNA-level mutability caused by the insecticides was assessed by using RAPD-PCR analysis, and the results indicated Radiant as a genotoxic insecticide that caused large changes at the genomic-DNA level. On the other hand, Coragen exhibited the lowest mutability effect on insect DNA.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079111120190101Trunk Injection a Promising Approach for Long-Lasting Suppression of Mango Leaf Hopper, Idioscopus clypealis1231293176010.21608/eajbsf.2019.31760ENMajeed AskariSeyahooeiPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.AbdoolnabiBagheriPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.SohrabMorshediDepartment of Entomology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IranMajidFallahzadehDepartment of Entomology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, IranSarehAmiriPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.MaryamShahiPlant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran.Journal Article20190504The current study was conducted to investigate strength and durability of the effect of three widely used insecticides against mango leafhopper (MLH), <em>Idioscopus clypealis</em> (Lethierry) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in two different methods (foliar spray and trunk injection) in Roodan district (Hormozgan province). The study was performed as factorial arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCB). In all sampling sessions (3, 7, 15 and 30 d post applications), the number of nymphs decreased significantly on the inflorescence, indicating insecticides used in both methods were able to suppress MLH, relatively. Although the insecticides showed no significant difference in foliar application, they were significantly different when injected through the trunk (F=8.85; df=2; P<0.01). Also, significant difference was found among different sampling times (F = 85.0; df = 3; P<0.01). By comparing various sampling sessions, the highest mortality rate was observed at day 30 (74.8 ± 2.31%) and the lowest ones occurred on day 3 (23.9 ± 4.06%). Over time, the percent of the insect mortality increased. The highest rate of mortality was observed in Dimetoat through injection method (57.2 ± 5.89%) and the lowest occurred in Acetamiprid by the same method (33.8 ± 7.37%). By these results and considering high susceptibility of mango to foliar application of chemicals at flowering stage, trunk injection of appropriate pesticides can be a promising approach to suppress MLH and probably other common mango pests present and damage at that stage like gall midge.