Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Safety and proper use of pesticides on orange fruits191725310.21608/eajbsf.2014.17253ENNagwa A.HassanPlant Protection Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, GizaSawsan G.RadwanPlant Protection Res. Ins., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, GizaJournal Article20181022The aim of this work is studying the correlation<br />between applicable control of <em>Parlatoria<br />ziziphi</em> (Lucas)<br />and obtained healthy and high quality orange fruits. So, the objective of this research <br />was organized through <br />three parts, The first part was <br />conducted in orange orchard at<br />Qalubyia Governorate to evaluate the pesticidal efficiency of four compounds representing three insecticidal groups (Neonicotinoid, Avermectin and Organophosphrus) to struggle <em>P.</em> <em>ziziphi</em> on orange trees and protect the crop from the<br />insect damage. The results published that Agriflex has the highest toxicity of<br />the tested compound on <em>P.</em> <em>ziziphi </em> population and recorded 74.3% reduction,<br />followed by Best (73% reduction), then <br />Sunfidor (70.18% reduction) while Reldan came in the last order with<br />69.7% reduction. Also the statistical analysis elucidate the time uphold the<br />efficiency of the four tested compound and the highest percentages reduction of<br /><em>P.</em> <em>ziziphi</em> population after thirty days of application when<br />compared by the other intervals. The second part: to determine the residues of<br />the tested pesticides in orange fruits through initial time (zero time) and<br />final time (at harvest). The results showed that the values of initial deposits<br />of all tested insecticides were surpassed the maximum residue limits (MRL)<br />while no residues of pesticides detected at harvest time (after 20 days of<br />application).The third part: to examine the effect of the tested insecticides<br />on quality orange fruit. Results obtained showed that all tested insecticides<br />decreased the total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (Ta),<br />Ascorbic acid and total sugar without significant differences except Best which<br />increase the total sugar than untreated fruits while all tested insecticides<br />exhibited non-significant increase on relative sweetness of orange fruits than<br />untreated except Agriflex. The ratable data showed that all tested pesticides exhibited satisfied effect against <em>P. ziziphi</em><br />ranged from 69.73 to 74.31% reduction. They are safe at harvest interval 20<br />days after treatment. Also, they showed insignificant effect on orange fruits<br />quality. It could be recommended Best 25% WP as it caused increase in total<br />sugar in orange fruits, than un-treated; also fruits had the highest value of<br />total soluble solids and acidity than other pesticides.https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17253_d49de8cdaa0d823f00d4fca1d2585403.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Molluscicidal effect of some plant extracts against two land snail species, Monacha obstructa and Eobania vermiculata11161725410.21608/eajbsf.2014.17254ENMourad A.A.Plant protection Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181022<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The molluscicidal effects of five ethanolic<br />crude extracts, Cumin (<em>Cuminum cyminum</em>), Golden shower (<em>Cassia<br />fistula</em>), Umbrella tree (<em>Melia azedarach</em>), Olive (<em>Olea europaea</em>)<br />and pomegranate (<em>Punica granatum</em>) were evaluated against two land snail<br />species, <em>Monacha obstructa</em> and <em>Eobania vermiculata,</em> under<br />laboratory conditions. Three methods of bioassay were used, i.e. contact,<br />leaf-dipping and bait techniques. The results indicated that the ethanol crude<br />extract of Cumin was the most toxic extract for the two tested land snail<br />species followed by Golden shower, Umbrella tree and pomegranate extracts while<br />Olive extract had the lowest effect. The land snail, <em>E. vermiculata </em>was<br />comparatively less susceptible to the tested plant extracts than the land<br />snail, <em>M. obstructa.</em> Results showed that, contact technique of the<br />tested plant extracts was the most effective method of application. The LC<sub>50</sub><br />values of Cumin, Golden shower, Umbrella tree, Olive and Pomegranate extracts<br />when applied as contact were 250, 325, 635, 1500 and 910 ppm for <em>M.<br />obstructa</em> and 288, 380, 682, 1720 and 965 ppm for <em>E. vermiculata</em>,<br />respectively.</span>https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17254_a1f7b37f16050c86568e736d25b82275.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Effect of certain pesticides alternative against Sesamia cretica (led.) And Ostrinia nubilalis (hub). In maize fields. Beni- Suef Governorate.17241725510.21608/eajbsf.2014.17255ENMohamed E.M.Plant Protection Res. Institute, ARC, Doki, EgyptAzouz H.A.Plant Protection Res. Institute, ARC, Doki, EgyptWahba E.APlant Protection Res. Institute, ARC, Doki, EgyptJournal Article20181022Two experiments were conducted in maize fields in Beni Suef Governorate to evaluate some insecticides alternatives to control the pink stem borer, <em>Sesamia cretica</em> and European corn borer, <em>Ostrinia</em><em> nubilalis</em> at an early planting date during April and late planting date at the end of May.
The results showed , The plant extract Tagetes oil was the most effective against the pink corn borer, followed by the algal metabolite C (the algal metabolites of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>) as a compared with the stander biocide Spintor 24% . The average percentage reduction of perforated leaf plants and dead heart plants were (86.53 & 79.50), (61.95 & 54.23) and (89.56& 91.07 %) for early planting date and were (81.11 & 78.33), (46.67& 63.33) and (86.67 & 80.71 %) for late planting date, respectively.
Concerning on the efficiency of these treatments on the infestation of European corn borer, <em>O. nubilalis</em>. The plant extract Tagetes oil was the most effective followed by the algal metabolite C as a compared with the stander biocide Spintor 24%. The seasonal average percentage reduction of tunnel holes and diapouse larvae were (69.66 & 55.26), (49.48 & 34.82) compared with (76.34 & 67.76 %) for stander biocide Spintor 24% and were (73.47 & 53.90), (52.68 & 41.74) compared with (76.59 & 63.15 %) for stander biocide Spintor 24% at an early and late planting date, respectively.
The algal metabolite A (the algal metabolites of <em>Apanocapsa pulchra</em>) was the least effective against <em>S. cretica </em>and <em>O. nubilalis</em> followed by B (the algal metabolites of <em>Aphanocapsa elachista</em>) as a compared with the stander biocide Spintor 24%.
On the other hand, the effect of these treatments on the actual yield were studied. The plant extract Tagetes oil and the stander biocide Spintor 24% gave the highest grain yield of maize in the early and late plantations. The average actual yield were (19.28, 16.89) and (22.19, 17.74) ardab / feddan indicating an increase of (33.27, 39.27%) and (42.02, 42.18 %) than control for early and late planting date, respectively.https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17255_2461df8f9ae9b5c5964f9f12a5d0946a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Comprehensive Assessment Of Two Compounds And Spraying Equipment For Controlling Citrus Brown Mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) ( Acari : Tetranychidae ) On Citrus Trees At Qalubia Province25331725610.21608/eajbsf.2014.17256ENHalawa, A.M.Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC). Dokki; Giza; EgyptTarek A .Abd-El RahmanCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center (ARC). Dokki; Giza; Egypt.Rehab A.A.DarPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC). Dokki; Giza; EgyptNabila S .A.HiekelPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC). Dokki; Giza; EgyptJournal Article20181022In the present paper three factors were assessed in controlling citrus brown mite <em>Eutetranychus orientalis</em> (Klein) on citrus trees namely: Efficiency of two Acaricides (Biomectin 5% EC as biocide and Dember 55%SC as chemical compound) ; efficiency of two types of sprayers (Knapsack motor sprayer Arimitsu (740 L. /Fed.) and conventional motor sprayer Wisconson (1200 L. /Fed.) ; efficiency of analytical method for the residue analysis of a novel Acaricide Biomectin 5% EC and its dissipation in the citrus fruits. The obtained results reported that, Dember 55%SC was most effective than Biomectin 5% EC by using spraying methods mentioned above, the reduction percentages were, 92.17 % and 90.56 % for Dember 55%SC by using Knapsack motor sprayer Arimitsu (740 L. /Fed.) and conventional motor sprayer Wisconson (1200 L. /Fed.), respectively, while the acaricides Biomectin 5% EC gaves reduction percentages, 88.31 % and 84.41 % by using Knapsack motor sprayer Arimitsu (740 L. /Fed.) and conventional motor sprayer Wisconson (1200 L. /Fed.), respectively. A satisfactory coverage was obtained on citrus trees and ground spray holders. The spectrum of droplets ranging between 111-177 microns (VMD). With sufficient number ranging from 54-224 N/cm².
Abamectin residues were extracted from orange samples and the extract was cleaned up according to QuEChERS method and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector (HPLC–DAD). The dissipation half-life time and the pre harvest interval (PHI) of abamectin residues in orange were 2.66 and 14.02 days, respectively in the case of Knapsack motor sprayer Arimitsu . Whole in the case of conventional motor sprayer Wisconson were 4.85 and 14.1 days, respectively. These results, pointed to that the first method of spraying (Knapsack motor sprayer Arimitsu (740 L. /Fed.)) was more effective than the other method (conventional motor sprayer Wisconson (1200 L. /Fed.)https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17256_7fc3f63ec769ee2dc3ed09d76d5197a8.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Using of Trichogramma evanescens west (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for controlling Arenipses sabella hmpson and Batrachedra amydraula meyrick in the date palm fields at the new valley-Egypt35411725710.21608/eajbsf.2014.17257ENGameel S. M.M.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptEwais M.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptSayed A.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181022Five years of field trials were conducted to investigate the efficacy of releasing the egg parasitoid, <em>Trichogramma evanescens </em>West. (Hym<em>. Trichogrammatidae</em>) on controlling<em> Arenipses sabella</em> Hmpson and <em>Batrachedra amydraula</em>Meyrick(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)at El-Kharga Oasis, New Valley, Egypt. Five farms of date palm (<em>Phoenix</em><em> dactylifera</em>) represented about 30Km were used during this study from 2009 to 2013.
Release of <em>T. evanescens</em> for one time (beginning of May) by the rate of ten releasing envelopes (20,000 parasitized eggs/feddan) induced a remarkable reduction in the infestation levels with the greater date moth and the lesser date.
In the case of<em> A. sabella</em> as a result of <em>Trichogramma </em>parasitoid releasing, the reduction increased after the successive parasitoid releasing to reach the maximum level (72.78%) in 2013 season. Generally, the reduction rate of the infestation of the pest ranged between 59.41 and 77.38% with an average of 70.26% in the all experimental locations. The rate of damaged bunches, as a result of infestation with the greater date moth, decreased from 42.86% at control to 12.36% at the <em>Trichogramma </em>parasitoid releasing locations.
Concerning to<em> B. amydraula</em>, the reduction increased after the successive parasitoid releasing to reach the high level (75.06%) in 2013 season. In general, the reduction rate of the infestation with the leaser date moth ranged between 72.49 and 75.97% with an average of 73.74% in the all experimental locations.
The rate of date fruit falling, as a result of infestation with <em>B. amydraula</em>, decreased from 7.22% at control at the 2.00% as a result of <em>Trichogramma </em>parasitoid releasing locations.https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17257_2922e5701ef60441c78180f9327a74bc.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Drenching Efficacy of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam against Dubas Bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Hem: Tropiduchidae)43521725810.21608/eajbsf.2014.17258ENR.ArbabtaftiDepartment of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Yaman Avenue, Chamran Highway, Tehran, IranA.SheikhigarjanDepartment of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Yaman Avenue, Chamran Highway, Tehran, IranA. HosseiniGharalariDepartment of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Yaman Avenue, Chamran Highway, Tehran, IranR.DamghaniBam Agricultural Research Center, Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Kerman Province, Iran.M. R.TajbakhshDepartment of Pesticide Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Yaman Avenue, Chamran Highway, Tehran, IranK. M.Arab JafariKaraj Plant Protection Laboratory, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Yaman Avenue, Chamran Highway, Tehran, IranJournal Article20181022<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dubas bug, <em>Ommatissus lybicus, </em>is one of<br />the key pests of date palmsin Iran. Chemical<br />control is the most conventional control method of this dangerous pest. The aim<br />of this investigation was to compare efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of<br />drenching, and foliage spraying of chemical control. The study was conducted in<br />a Randomized Complete Block Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications<br />(trees) in a completely infested date palm grove. Treatments included<br />imidacloprid SC350 (Confidor<sup>®</sup>) and thiamethoxam WG250 (Actara<sup><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL">®</span></sup>) by foliar spraying<br />(4 g/tree) and by drenching method (10, 20, 80, and 100 g/tree), diazinon EC600<br />(40 ml/tree) as recommended insecticide by foliar spraying and then the check<br />(without treatment). The nymph population and number of honeydew drops were<br />recorded one day before and 7, 14, and 120 days after treatment. Insecticide<br />residue of date palm and cost-benefit ratio were calculated. The results showed<br />that all foliage application treatments had more efficacy compared to drenching<br />treatments at 1 and 2 weeks after spraying but at 120 days after drenching, thiamethoxam<br />(80 g/L) and imidacloprid (100 g/L) had 100% efficacy, while the efficacies of<br />thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and diazinon foliar spraying was zero. The residue<br />of date fruit treated by high doses of drenching was not detectable. The<br />highest cost-benefit ratio belongs to imidacloprid foliage spraying (24.86)<br />followed by imidacloprid drenching (15.67). The lowest ratio belongs to<br />thiamethoxam drenching (3.12). Comparison of different concentrations of<br />neonicotinoid drenching revealed that high concentration of thiamethoxam and<br />imidacloprid was more than two times effective. </span>https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17258_ea621350aa01ab073e2d250212f52b70.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Impact of some factors on the migration rate and the dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes53631725910.21608/eajbsf.2014.17259ENAzazy A.M.Department of Pest Physiology, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Saheir F.El-LakwahDepartment of Pest Physiology, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Heba A. A.Al-ghnamDepartment of Pest Physiology, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181022<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The migration and the dispersal of five<br />entomopathogenic nematode infective stages had been studied in column of sandy<br />soil</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> under </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">laboratory<br />condition</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. It was found that it differ according to some<br />factors, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">these factors included comparison between the<br />effect presence or absence of the insect host<em> Gallaria mellonella</em> and <em>Spodoptera<br />littoralis</em>, insect feces, the nematicide (Nemacur), and host species</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. The nematicides improved migration and average net<br />distance of all tested nematode strains, except the<em> Steinernema glaseri</em><br />strain, with which a remarkable inhibition in its mobility, was obviously,<br />observed. Feces of <em>S. littoralis </em>increased the migration rate and the<br />dispersal than the host itself. Most nematode strains were attracted to <em>S.<br />littoralis</em> more than to <em>G. mellonella </em>larvae.</span>https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17259_be8e0d7c7789d0b1a8437013e7557415.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Evaluation the effectiveness of orange oil for controlling cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculates (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)65711726010.21608/eajbsf.2014.17260ENAlbandari F.Al YousefBiology Department, Faculty of Science, Princes Nora University, Riyadh, K.S.AJournal Article20181022The cowpea seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus maculates</em> (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is considered one of the most important pests attacking various cowpeas species in stores, causing serious damage and great loss of the crop.
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the orange oil against the adults of this pest under laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out using four concentrations of orange oil (5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.12 mg/l).The obtained results showed that, the tested concentrations were highly effective against the adults cowpea seed beetle, and there is a positive relationship between the concentration of the oil and the percentage of mortality of the adults. Data show very high mortality rates at all concentrations after 6 days from treatment. The mortality percentage reached 50% and 80% after 3 and 6 days from treatment, at the highest concentration (5mg /L.), respectively.https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17260_ae8e61b69381a1f8afd07f9e6f17e801.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Biodiversity and enzymatic profile of some entomopathogenic fungi73801726110.21608/eajbsf.2014.17261ENSahar S.AliPlant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptAhmad M.MoharramDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, EgyptJournal Article20181022<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Five fungal isolates belonging to the<br />entomopathogenic fungi where had isolated inBio-insecticide Production Unit, Plant Protection Research Institute , two isolatesof <em>Beauveria<br />bassiana</em>,two isolatesof <em>Lecanicillium antillanum </em>and<br />one of<em> Paecilomyces lilacinus, </em>in addition to one isolate of <em>Rhizopus</em><br /><em>stolonifer </em>That grows with<em> Lecanicillium antillanum </em>in<br />Mycoparasitism relationship<em>.</em>The isolated<br />fungi wererecovered from Egyptian soil and from larvae of <em>Spodoptera<br />littoralis </em>which found infected in a sugar beet field<em>.</em> These<br />isolates were identified by conventional techniques in Mycological Center,<br />Faculty of Science, Assiut University. Among these fungal species <em>L</em>. <em>antillanum</em><br />is a new record in Egypt. In addition, the activities of proteases, lipases,<br />amylases and L-asparaginase of isolates fungi were recorded. The results showed<br />that, all isolates were active producers of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. </span>https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17261_e6770c36f359e5be433238bcb0bada1a.pdfEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07916120141201Monitoring of resistance to biocides against cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) during 2012 to 2014 cotton seasons in Egypt81871726210.21608/eajbsf.2014.17262ENOmayma K.MostafaCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Giza, EgyptSherifa A.N.El-SherifCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Giza, EgyptMona K.El-hedekCentral Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20181022Field strains of the cotton leafworm <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) were collected from three Governorates (Gharbya, Kafr El-Sheikh and Behera) during 2012, 2013 and 2014 cotton seasons for monitoring of its resistance to tested biocides.
The results indicate that resistance ratios RR and RC fluctuated from one year to another and from Governorate to another. During three cotton seasons the tested <em>Bt</em> (Dipel 2x, Dipel DF, Agerine and Protecto) showed high levels of resistance in all Governorates during 2014 cotton season which (RC) reached (13.93, 9.23 and 15.04), (9.24, 10.55 and 17.93), (6.01, 8.12 and 14.48) and (6.95, 7.08 and 8.34) in Behera, Gharbya and Kafr El-Sheikh respectively. Also, RC for Radiant compound reached to (14.07, 11.58 and 22.05) in the same Governorates. While Radical recorded medium levels of resistance (2.16, 2.29 and 4.07) and Spintor had low levels of resistance (1.21, 1.73 and 1.66) to the same field strains during cotton season 2014.
The previous results suggest that Biocides Radical and Spintor may be recommended as an effective component of the future IPM programs against <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> on cotton fields.https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17262_edae3c072c63c1d2bf469c172ec0f808.pdf