2024-03-28T12:14:09Z
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=26138
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Prospects of Neem Essential Oil as Bio-Pesticide and Determination of Its Residues in Eggplant Plants During Crop Production Cycle
Shiry
Takla
Farida
El-Dars
Alla
Amien
Marguerite
Rizk
Essential oils and their derivatives are considered alternative means for controlling many harmful insects. As well, their rapid degradation in the environment and increased specificity do not harm beneficial insects. A method for the determination of Neem oil residues in eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.) by GC/Ms Mass is described. In this study, the effect of Neem essential oil (Azadirachta indica Juss) as biopesticide on the economical production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) was investigated. Prior to use, the volatile and organic constituents of commercial applied Neem essential oil were identified using FTIR analysis. After application, Azadirachtin is an active ingredient in neem oil which appears to cause 90% of the effect on most sucking pests. Among them, the major constituents are triterpenes known as limonoids, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Floride and Carbon atoms. Neem oil residues were detected in all samples from eggplant which were collected from the field after 12, 24 days of spraying. It appears that no effective material residue present.
Neem essential oil
bioinsecticides
Residue
GC/MS
Eggplant
acaracide
2021
12
01
1
15
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_181340_4ff16e60fc1448a491018d175727e044.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
The Potential Activities of Two Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Against the Neonate Larvae of Pectinophera gossypiella
Gamal
Omar
Ahmed
Ibrahim
Khalid
Hamadah
The current study was conducted to investigate the biological activities of the two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki 1(Bt K1) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki 2 (Bt K2)) against the newly hatched (neonate) larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophera gossypiella. The two strains exhibited their toxicity against the treated larvae. Also, the lethal effect was extended in the resulted stages, pupae and adults. Based on LC50 for total mortality, Bt K1 was more potent than Bt K2 where LC50 was 2.21x1010 and 3.11x1010, respectively. However, the two strains were revealed a reduction of pupation and adult emergence %. Irrespective of the strain, Bt significantly decreased larval duration and significantly increased pupal duration. No effect was recorded on morphogenesis. In the present study,it was broadly that Bacillus thuringiensis showed its ability in the control of Pectinophora gossypiella.
Bacillus thuringiensis
Pectinophora gossypiella
toxicity
Development
2021
12
01
17
24
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_182300_6c9f2ac79b8c439b60d75dd8700bd64e.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Physiological and Biochemical Parameters as An Index for Herbicides Damage in Wheat Plants
Rehab
Salem
Ahmed
El-Sobki
In order to evaluate physiological and biochemical changes of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) under the stress of four herbicides namely, (pinoxaden, tribenuron-methy, pyroxsulam and clodinafop-propargyl) at recommended dose on three wheat cultivars (Saka 95, Giza 171 and Shandweel 1). In a totally randomized method, an experiment was performed in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. During 2020 season. The analysis of variance showed that the content of the main pigments of leaf (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and caroteniod), activity of catalase, peroxidase, oxidase enzymes and ascorbic acids. Data showed that the herbicide pinoxaden was the highest toxicity while tribenuron-methy was the lowest one on the three cultivars of wheat in chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll a, the reduction percentages were17 .2, 16.8 and 13.6 % in Giza 171, Shandweel 1 and Saka 95, respectively compared with control. The reduction percentages in chlorophyll b were 14.8, 14.2 and 11.0 % in Saka 95, Giza 171 and Shandweel 1 , respectively compared with control. The opposite picture in carotenoid the reductions were 18.8, 15.3, and 9.7 % in Giza171, Saka 95 and Shandweel 1 compared with control. On the other hand, the four herbicides led to a significant decrease in the activity of wheat antioxidant enzymes compared with control. Results showed that the oxidase and peroxidase enzymes were high sensitivity to all treatments compared with control, but ascorbic acid and catalase enzymes appear low sensitivity on all cultivars of wheat. These results showed that all used herbicides reduce plant tolerance from damage and enzymes activities, therefore it can be used as an index in physiological research.
herbicides
post-emergences
Wheat cultivars
pigments content
Antioxidant enzymes
Biochemical changes
2021
12
01
25
35
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_182445_905dcad4070875c5db300a3554a55ed0.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
The Metabolic Mechanism Underlying the Enhancing Effects of Glycine and Tryptophan on Kidney Function: How to Reduce EGFR Inhibitory Effect on AAs
Sania
Elwia
Sahar
Abo El Wafa
Yasmin
Marei
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to a progressive decline in kidney function that eventually progresses to end-stage renal disease. It is critical to identify people at risk for renal disease and to intervene early to avoid kidney damage. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH-1) is an accurate biomarker for CKD early stage. The loss of tryptophan hydroxylase contributes to kidney injury. N-acetylcysteine, glycine, and tryptophan can arrest renal fibrosis development and progression through the anti-fibrotic effect of tryptophan hydroxylase and the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine. Objectives: This study aims to assess the metabolic effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on kidney function as an EGFR inhibitor and its effect on AAs depletion. In addition, to evaluate the effect of glycine and tryptophan on kidney injury and renal fibrosis progression. Results: Eight weeks of administration of pemetrexed led to a significant increase in serum, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC with pemetrexed) resulted in a significant decrease in biochemical kidney function. Also, glycine and tryptophan directly affect renal function; increased expression of tryptophan hydroxylase with decrease expression of EGFR and transforming growth β (TGF-β), compared to N-acetylcysteine group. Conclusion: N-acetylcysteine, glycine, and tryptophan can halt the depletion of AAs in the presence of urea and EGFR. Glycine and tryptophan both have a direct effect on renal function due to their uric acid-lowering properties.
N-acetylcysteine
Glycine and Tryptophan
eGFR
tryptophan hydroxylase
transforming growth factor β
2021
12
01
37
48
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_185643_8ab7eafcc634d136e0f640db989f3032.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Suppressive Impact of 6-Benzyladenine, A Plant Growth Regulator, on the Adult Performance and Reproductive Potential of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Abo Elsoud,
A.
Ghoneim
K
Hamadah,
Kh.
El-Hela,
A.
The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is responsible for serious economic losses to bee keepers in developing countries. Larvae feed on the wax comb in weak colonies or during the storage of wax combs in winter. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of the Cytokinin plant growth regulator, Benzyladenine (6-BA), on the most important parameters of adult performance and reproductive potential of G. mellonella. The 3rd instar larvae were force-fed on an artificial diet supplemented with six concentrations, viz., 100, 10.0, 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 & 0.001ppm of 6-BA. No adult moths could metamorphose at the higher three concentrations because of larval and pupal deaths. The most important results could be summarized as follows. The adult emergence was blocked by 6-BA, in a dose-dependent course. Also, the tested compound displayed strong adulticidal activity, since adult mortality increased in a dose-dependent course. The total adult longevity of moths was significantly prolonged.All longevity compartments were remarkably prolonged. On the other hand, 6-BA failed to affect adult morphogenesis. The oviposition efficiency was deleteriously prohibited. Also, 6-BA exhibited a tremendous inhibitory effect on the female fecundity and reducing effect onfertility. The embryonic development in eggs laid by treated adult females was severely retarded, since the incubation period of these eggs was remarkably prolonged.
Cytokinin
longevity
oviposition
post-oviposition
pre-oviposition
incubation
fecundity
fertility
sterility
2021
12
01
49
70
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_186039_f031699d09cc32d9aad60472ac50cf9a.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Effect of Biological Insecticide, Chemical Insecticide and Phosphate Fertilizer on Callosobruchus maculatus (F) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)
Rasha
Saber
Mawaheb
Zewar
Mohamed
Abdelsattar
This study was carried out to evaluate toxicity and residual effect of chemical insecticide deltamethrin, biological insecticide Beauveria bassianaa and phosphate fertilizer. This Evaluation was conducted against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) adults and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Results indicated that biological insecticide was the most effective material that still kills adults of C. maculatus and R. dominica till the end of the storage period (3months). The chemical insecticide caused a complete death for C. maculatus adults till the end of the storage period while it decreased with time for adults of R. dominica. All treatments did not affect seed germination and water absorption.
Vicia faba
Triticum durum
Callosobruchus maculatus
Rhyzopertha dominica
Chemical insecticide
biological insecticide and phosphate fertilizer
2021
12
01
71
81
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_187542_02f21f2b5d9a05bd5f7fdc2844ab0dec.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces Lilicanus Fungus Toward Sucking Insects Pests of Okra Crops and Their Predators
Dalia
Lotfy
Ibrahim
Ebadah
Sawsan
Moawad
The present work targeted to evaluate the role of entomopathogenic P. lilicanus fungus in overcoming the major okra sucking pests besides the side effect toward their predator.The targeted entomopathogenic fungus was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose yeast agar and prepared three Serial dilutions concentration suspensions to test their efficacy toward Aphids under laboratory and field conditions, while leafhopper was tested under field condition only. The obtained results were cleared that the high concentration 1x108 spore/ml, caused the best mortality percentage toward Aphis gossypii after 7 days of post-treatment. While under field conditions, the treatments were caused reduction ranged between 72.7% and 63.0 % toward A. gossypi population and 88.7%%, 86.7 % in leafhopper population, respectively. On the other side, the predators' population (F/coccinellidae) was also affected due to reducing the population of their prey.
Paecilomyces lilicanus
Aphis gossypii
leafhopper
predator and Okra crop
2021
12
01
83
89
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_187701_5ced7063bf6b4832ee2b18514071f727.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Rice Straw and Peanut Residues Biochars as Eco-Friendly Approaches for Controlling Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Eggplant
Nevin
Ahmed
Biochar is a vital carbon complex and can improve plant growth and suppress of soil-borne pathogens. Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is identified as one of the most demoralizing pests blighting roots of many crops and lead to notable decrease in their productivities. So, the present study was carried out with a hypothesis that the application of biochar from various feed-stocks may cause significant enhancements in the tolerance of eggplant for M. incognita infection. Two types of biochars were manufactured by the slow pyrolysis process of rice straw and peanut residues. A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of rice straw biochar (RSB) and peanut residues biochar (PRB) on M. incognita and the growth and yield performances of eggplant in loamy soil. Eight treatments were achieved in the current experiment, resulted from the combination between RSB and PRB at four applied rates [zero =no addition, 5.25, 10.5 and 21 g/pot, which were equated to 0, 5, 10 and 20 t/ha, respectively]. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with five replicates. The individual incorporation of RSB and PRB at rates of 5.25, 10.5, and 21 g/pot exhibited significant enhancements in growth parameters (length, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots), and productivity of eggplant. Application of RSB or PRS at 21 g/pot caused superior impacts in enhancing the fresh fruit yield of eggplant (946 and 1012 g/pot). Soil pH increased after applications of RSB and PRB from 5.85 in the control treatment to 6.12-6.39 and 6.28-6.75, respectively. Both RSB and PRB revealed variable degrees in lessening numbers of egg masses and galls/root system and J2/250 g soil of M. incognita and this caused marked improvements in eggplant growth parameters in comparison to the control. The use of high doses of RSB and PRB was responsible for larger efficiency in declining the above-mentioned M. incognita parameters than their low rates. The largest declines in galls/ root system (80 and 93%), egg-masses/ root system (90 and 96%), egg/egg-mass (76 and 90%) and J2/250g soil (83 and 92%) at 50 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT) were shown after application of PRB at a rate of 21 g/pot. This study indicated that RSB and PRB can be used as effective materials in dropping the harmful effects of M. incognita and also can be recommended as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides with marked nematicidal activity to control M. incognita infection.
Biochar
Eco-friendly
Suppression
Nematode
Eggplant
Growth
yield
2021
12
01
91
102
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_189667_3ffac2c7da14f7b6d25e3f9545b53959.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Efficacy of Camphor Oil and Its Nano Emulsion on The Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera Littoralis
Amal
Marouf
Farid
Harras
Eman
Shehata
Ghada
Abd- Allah
Laboratory experiments were tested to detect the effect of crude camphor oil and its emulsion against 2nd instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Because of the problems of chemical pesticides to the environment and all organisms, the natural control replaced pesticides. In the recent years, many formulations as Nanoemulsions have been used for pest toxicity target. The results indicated that the Nano emulsion of camphor oil is the most effective material than the camphor essential oil with LC50 88.67 ppm and 1699.85ppm for the camphor Nano emulsion and camphor oil, respectively. So, the Nano emulsion formulation may represent a new category of natural and bio-pesticides and this should be considered in IPM programs
Spodoptera littoralis
Camphor oil
Nano emulsion
2021
12
01
103
108
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_189668_510c939b504c3f106467d424d565b38d.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Evaluation Efficiency of Some Insecticides, Plant Extracts and Plant Oils on Controlling Myzus persicae Infesting Squash Plants Under Plastic Greenhouses
Gamila,
Heikal
Hayam,
Saad
Mervat,
El-Genaidy
This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of three insecticides (aphicides): (Vertimec, Malathion and Chloropyrifos), three plant extracts: (Neemazal, Azadirachta and Glycine) and three plant oils: (Citronella oil, Jojoba oil and Helianthus oil) on controllingGreen Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which infesting squash plants ( Cucurbita pepo L.) under greenhouse conditions. And this study was carried out at two locations (governorates), Perkash region (Giza Governorate) and Tokh region (Qaliobya governorate) during season 2021. At Giza Governorate, data obtained showed that the compounds effectively were arranged to descend as follows; insecticides, plant extracts and plant oils. Also, insecticides effectively were arranged to descend as follows (Vertimec, Malathion and Chloropyrifos), respectively, whereas the general effect % was 96.9, 96.5 and 96.1% respectively. The plant extracts effectively were arranged as follow: Neemazal, Azadirachta and Glycine, whereas the general effect % were 94.8, 94.3 and 94.1% respectively. Lastly, plant oils effectively were arranged as follows: Citronella oil, Jojoba oil and Helianthus oil respectively, whereas the general effect % was 91.8, 91.5 and 91.2% respectively. Vertimec proved itself to be the most insecticide effective, Neemazal proved itself to be the most plant extracts effective and Citronella oil proved itself to be the most plant oils effective. All extracts recorded significant differences between them and control. As the same trend data obtained at Qaliobya Governorate at the same season 2021.
Insecticides
Plant extracts
plant oils
Myzus persicae
squash plants
2021
12
01
109
116
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_192756_80cf04a0c5b80af54b9dfc2be0584b77.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
The disruptive impact of novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the adult performance and reproduction of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Bakr,
A.
Hassan,
A.
Tanani,
M.
Ghoneim,
K.
The black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has a wide range of distribution throughout Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. It is a polyphagous insect attacking nearly all vegetables and many important grains in the world. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of novaluron (a chitin synthesis inhibitor) on the most important parameters of adult performance and reproductive potential of this insect. Both the 4th instar and 5th instar larvae were treated with a series of novaluron concentrations (50.0, 25.0, 12.50, 06.25 & 03.10 ppm) via fresh discs of castor bean leaves. The most important results could be summarized as follows. The adult emergence was considerably blocked, regardless of the treated larval instar. Various adult mortality percentages were recorded. Novaluron failed to affect the adult morphogenesis after treatment of 4th instar larvae, while it exhibited a slight anti-morphogenic effect on the adults after treatment of 5thinstar larvae only with 25.00ppm. The total adult longevity was generally shortened. The pre-oviposition period was remarkably prolonged. The oviposition period was considerably shortened. The post-oviposition period was prolonged or shortened, depending on the concentration and the treated larval instar. The oviposition efficiency was severely inhibited, in a dose-dependent trend. Adult fecundity was drastically prohibited and fertility was dramatically reduced. The embryonic developmental rate was remarkably retarded, since the incubation period of eggs was considerably prolonged. Therefore, novaluron may be an effective IGR being used in the IPM program against A. ipsilon
Embryonic development
emergence
fecundity
fertility
morphogenesis
mortality
oviposition
sterility
2021
12
01
117
145
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_199341_1d4a2037e5f28730b2b12ce901ecb6e5.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Influence of the Different Densities of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on the Parasitism Ratio of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) Under Laboratory Conditions
Hegab,
M.,
A.
Shahein
K.
Hammad
Shadia,
Mostafa
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is an important pest that infested many vegetable crops. Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) was found associated with this pest. In this study, the effect of different densities of P. solenopsis on the parasitism ratio of A. arizonensis females and calculation of the parasitoid to host ratios mathematically (PHR) was carried out under laboratory constant conditions of 25±1˚C, 70±5% RH and 12:12 (L:D) hrs. The densities of 10, 20, 30, and 40 individuals of the third nymphal instar were tested: 10, 20, 30, and 40 nymphs. The obtained results showed that there were significant differences between the percentage of parasitism by mated and unmated A. arizonensis females and the density of the third nymphal instar of the cotton mealybug whereas LSD values were 10.75 and 6.66, respectively. The highest parasitism percentage was recorded with the lowest value of host density in all the treatments. Parasitoid to host ratio (PHR) was calculated mathematically at 50 % (PHR50) equaled 21.55 individuals and PHR25 equaled35.92 individuals for mated females, but PHR25 was 22.29 individuals for unmated females. The obtained results are useful in developing (IPM) programs against the previously mentioned pest through the effect of host density on the associated parasitoid efficacy for choosing the best time to release parasitoid. The present study suggests the possibility of utilization of A. arizonensis as an ideal biocontrol agent to reduce P. solenopsis populations.
Phenacoccus solenopsis
host density
Aenasius arizonensis
Parasitism ratio
2021
12
01
147
154
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_203838_4de6439b26edd064c3bf9013eb0dac6d.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Ameliorative Effect of Jojoba Oil on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Cardiotoxicity and Neurotoxicity: Molecular, Metabolic and Histopathological study
Sahar
Abo El Wafa
Rania
Mohamady
Sania
Elwia
Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most used food additives that disrupt the metabolism and the functions of many organs, including the heart, liver, brain, and others.Jojoba is a plant with high oil content in its seeds and special antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characters that make it convenient for medical uses as a natural plant. GLUT 4 is useful for "deep" glucose transport during raised energy demand. Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of jojoba oil and its role against MSG-induced toxicity in rats by improving metabolic dysfunction in the brain and heart and minimizing pathological changes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male albino adult rats were assigned randomly to four equal groups. Group I was given distilled water (control group). Group II was given a standard diet with 2.5 percent jojoba oil added. MSG (4 g/kg) dissolved in distilled water was given orally to group III. Group IV received MSG (4g/kg) diluted in distilled water and was also fed a basic diet with 2.5 percent jojoba oil. After two months, blood samples were taken to measure the expression of NFκB and GLUT4 genes, free fatty acids (FFA), troponin I, CK-MB, cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and GABA neurotransmitters. Histopathological study of the heart and brain tissues was also done. Results: MSG increases NF κB expression, Troponin I, CK-MB, FFA, TNFα, IL6, Caspase3, and MDA compared to normal control rats. Significant depletion of Catalase, GABA neurotransmitter with downregulation of GLUT4 gene expression was noted. Histopathological alterations in the brain and cardiac tissues of MSG-treated rats were also noted. In contrast, treatment with jojoba oil greatly attenuated these toxic effects. Conclusion: Because of its antioxidant properties and ameliorating metabolic properties, jojoba oil showed significant protection against MSG-induced cardiac and neurotoxicity.
MSG
GABA
Oxidative Stress
jojoba oil
NF κB
GLUT4
2021
12
01
155
171
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_204456_69f1af8c7aebef584a2cfb00bb17abc4.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Toxic Effect of Rosary Pea, Abrus precatorius L. Seeds Powder on Sitophilus granarius and Rattus rattus
Moamen
Elbath
Sara
El-Deeb
The toxic effect of Abrus precatorius seeds powder against the wheat weevil Sitophilus granarius adults over a period of 14 days was studied. Data confirmed that, at all concentrations, the mortality percentage increased as the exposure period was prolonged and also as the applied concentration was increased. Seven days post-treatment the LC50 value was 0.12% (w/w). The correspondent value at 14 days was significantly decreased being 0.05% (w/w). Hence, A. precatorius seeds powder was toxic against S. granarius. The powder proved, also, that it had a repellent effect against the tested insect. The phytochemical investigation of A. precatorius seeds illustrated that it was rich in tannins, saponins and phenols. The LC50 and two higher concentrations of A. precatorius powder seeds were evaluated, also, against thirty-six adult males of Rattus rattus over a period of 30 days. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups 9 rats/ group. Rats of the first group were fed on grains mixed with LC50 (0.12%)of powder. The second group fed on grains mixed with 5% powder. The third group was on grains mixed with 10% powder. While the fourth group was fed on untreated grains as control. Three replicates were used in each group. Blood samples were obtained for haematological and biochemical analysis. Specimens of the liver, kidney, spleen, testis, and stomach were, also, taken for histopathological studies. The whole results showed that the powder of A. precatorius seedshas potential toxicity as shown by the effects it caused on the serum chemistry as well as on the changes noted on the studied organs.
Abrus precatorius
Sitophilus granarius
Rattus rattus
toxicity
Biochemical parameters and histopathology
2021
12
01
173
182
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_205956_ccc48e70b1f06acdbc718787d3d1bde7.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
The Entomocidal Crystal Proteins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab and Their Relationship to Physiological Responses in Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
Hassan
Dahi
Ahmed
Salman
Asmaa
Bedawi
The current work was carried out to evaluate the biochemical effects of LC50 of the Bacillus thuringiensis as spores against Spodoptera littoralis 2nd and 4th instars and Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab against newly hatched larvae to determine the effects of these compounds on total carbohydrates, proteins,lipids, acetylcholinesterase, chitinase, phenoloxidase, carbohydrates hydrolyzing enzymes, nonspecific esterases, phosphatases and transaminase enzymes. The obtained results indicated that total proteins and lipids content were highly significantly decreased and a highly significantly increased in total carbohydrates with B. thuringiensis spores for both instars. A highly significant decrease in total carbohydrates with Cry1Ac and increased with Cry2Ab. While total protein was highly significantly increased with Cry1Ac and decreased with Cry2Ab. The activity of invertase and trehalase were highly significantly decreased with B. thuringiensis spores for both instars. On the other side, A highly significantly increased in amylase and invertase enzyme activity with Cry1Ac and decreased with Cry2Ab. In contrast, Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab caused a highly significant decrease in trehalase activity. It is clearly noticed that B. thuringiensis spores significantly increased GOT for both instarslarvae,in contrast, GPT was highly significantly increased in 2nd instar larvae only. While GOT activates were a highly significant dropped with Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. Alpha esterase was highly significantly activated with B. thuringiensis spores in 2nd instar larvae and inhibition in 4th instar larvae while Beta esterase and Acetylcholinesterase enzymes activities were a highly significant increase in both instars larvae. On the other side, Alfa, beta esterase and acetylcholinesterase were highly significantly decreased with Cry1Ac and increased with Cry2Ab.
Spodoptera littoralis
Bacillus thuringiensis
Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab
2021
12
01
183
200
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_210633_db243908664955425ad48aff064cbb47.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Nanotechnology Approaches as A Control to The Different Stages of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) at LC50 and LC90
Mohammed
Aly
Khaled
Osman
Mahmoud
Soliman
Evon
Hanna
Palm trees are of the most important trees in the world. The most dangerous organism to threaten palm trees is the red palm weevil insect Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Curculiondiae: Coleoptera). This study tested three nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO and CdS) against the red palm weevil under laboratory conditions, taking into account that using nanoparticle materials are cheap, available and low toxicity. Different concentrations of each substance were prepared separately including 125ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm and then followed by feeding adults and larvae on these compounds. Eggs and pupae were exposed to different concentrations prepared from the current examined Nanoparticles. LC50, LC90 and rate potency of each Nanoparticles (ZnO-TiO2 and CdS) were calculated on all red palm weevil stages. Results showed that the LC50 values of the nanoparticles ZnO, TiO2 and CdS on eggs were 78.551, 84.47 and 290.668ppm respectively, however, LC90 values were 938.735, 740.955 and 838.378 ppm respectively. Meantime, rates potency were 98.906%, 92.993% and 27.024%, respectively. On the other hand, LC50 values of the nanoparticles ZnO, TiO2 and CdS on larvae were 114.88, 367.409 and 868.526 ppm respectively while LC90 values were 2526.123, 2542.767 and 4651.173 ppm respectively. In addition, rates potency were 55.435%, 31.268% and 13.227%, respectively. In relation to LC50 values of the mentioned nanoparticles on pupae, they were 78.522, 190.349 and 355.874 ppm, respectively. Regarding LC90 values, they were 1138.585, 874.974 and 1138.85 ppm respectively. Moreover, rates potency was 68.564%, 41.252% and 22.065%, respectively. On the other hand, LC50 values to nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO2 and CdS) on adults were132.115, 207.355 and 290.374 ppm respectively while LC90 values were 1412.72, 3013.647 and 2715.978 ppm and to ZnO, TiO2 and CdS were 90.786%, 63.714% and 45.498% respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the effect of ZnO against the adult stage of red palm weevil is stronger than TiO2 while came CdS in the last rank.
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
red palm weevil ZnO-TiO2
CDs
2021
12
01
201
208
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_215098_43fac56772d2b841f60db7c7eb48dfd8.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Effect of Teflubenzeron and Lufenuron on Some Biological Aspects of Chrysopela carnea (Stephens) Immature Stages
Eldefrawy,
M.
M.
El-Sheikh
Rania
Mashaal
Biological and biochemical effects of LC50 of Growth Regulators (IGR’s) Teflubenzuron and Lufenuron were studied against green Chrysopella carmea (Stephens) under laboratory conditions. Tested compounds were evaluated against fresh first instars by contact and feeding techniques on Corcyra cephalonica egg. LC50s were 43.17 and 28.65 ppm, by contact technique for Teflubenzuron, and Lufenuron, respectively, but when the feeding technique was applied, the LC50s were 31.22 and 16.71 ppm for Teflubenzuron, and Lufenuron, respectively. The biological effects of these compounds were studied on larval and pupal periods which resulted from treated first instar. The obtained results showed prolongation in developmental periods of larval and pupal stages compared with control. The latent effect of these compounds on some biochemical parameters in second instar larvae resulted from treated fresh first instar larvae were analyzed for Phenoloxidase activity, total protein, N-acetyl- glucosamine significance, and chitinase activity. The results showed a significant reduction in all biochemical parameters but chitinase was significantly high compared with control. In general, the tested compounds had significant biological and biochemical effects on immature stages of C. carnea.
Teflubenzeron
lufenuron
biological aspects
biochemical parameters
Chrysopela carnea
2021
12
01
209
216
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_216445_8d7b6e68ee768bf391564ee60a678e4d.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Comparative Effect of Some Bio Insecticides with Chlorpyrifos on Cotton Leafworm
Amal,
AbdAllah
Abdel Hamid,
M.
Sobhy,
A.
The efficiency of Chlorypyrifos, Jojoba and Diplel DF against 2nd and 4thinstars of the laboratory strain of Spodoptera littoralis was evaluated under laboratory conditions Chlorypyrifos was the most toxic compound against the 2nd and 4th larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis. All the treated larvae were biologically affected by the three tested compounds. The effect was varied according to the larval instars and tested compounds. Therefore, the treated larvae have resulted in decreased pupation and adult emergence percentages, and the 2nd instar treated with Chlorypyrifos had the strongest effect in this respect. The treatment of 2nd instar with the three compounds induced the highest increase in larval, pupal duration and adult emergence percentages. Hence, the larval treatment of 2nd and 4th instars with Chlorypyrifos and Diplel DF gave the shortest period of adult longevity, as compared to control. The larval treatment of 2nd and 4th instars with the three tested compounds increased the adult emergence, the treatment of 2nd instar with Chlorypyrifos and 4th instar with Diplel DF had the strongest effect in this respect.
insecticidal activity
Chlorypyrifos
Dipel DF
Cotton leafworm
2021
12
01
217
223
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_222484_d1c03d596c9a33287660e3f1ecc18695.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Toxicological and Biological Studies on Using Lufenuron, Chlorpyrifos, Spinosad and Emamectin Benzoate Insecticides for Controlling Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
Abdel-Hamid,
M.
Mohamed
Abdel Aziz
A.
El-Gabaly
This study was evaluated the toxicity and latent effect of four insecticides; chlorpyrifos (Dursban H 48% EC) as organophosphates, emamectin benzoate (Proclaim 5% SG) as bioinsecticide, lufenuron (Match 5% E.C) as IGR and spinosad (Spintor 24% SC) as bioinsecticide against 2nd and 4th instar larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litraltois lab and field strain. The present data proved that values of LC50 for second instar larval were 1.04, 1.16, 2.73 and 3.12 ppm for 2nd instar larvae for lab strain, while values of LC50 increased to 2.94, 2.86, 3.26 and 4.96 ppm for field strain when treated larvae with chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and spinosad, respectively. Moreover, values of LC50 were 3.82, 3.01, 4.54 and 6.28 ppm for 4th instar larvae lab strain, and increased to reach 5.48, 4.95, 6.67 and 9.97 ppm for 4th instar larvae field strain when treated larvae with chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and spinosad, respectively. As for the late effects, the results indicated that in case of second instar larvae the lowest percentage of pupation were 18.55 and 28.56% when treated larvae with lufenuron whereas, the highest 39.55 and 44.23% with spinosad for larvae of lab and field strains, respectively and adult emergence was the lowest when treated larvae with chlorpyrifos, lufenuron and spinosad for lab strains, while larvae of field strains gave the lowest percentage with treated by lufenuron (14.32%) and the mean of eggs /female were the lowest (155.45 egg/female) when treated larvae with lufenuron for lab and field strains and was the lowest (138.0 egg /female) when treated larvae with spinosad for field strain. In case of fourth instar larvae, larvae of lab strain showed the lowest percentage of pupation (31.23%) when treated with spinosad while the lowest percentage of pupation (40.42%) when treated larvae with chlorpyrifos and hatchability percent increase in field strain compare to lab strain.
toxicity
lufenuron Chlorypyrifos
emamectin
Spinosad
Cotton leafworm
2021
12
01
225
232
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_223216_b235677aad5150a0197e51e1796ad80b.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Effect of Exogenously Field Application of Jojoba Oil and Methomyl on Biochemical Constituents of Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) Against Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.)
Seham
Ismail
Trandil
WAhba
Noura
Hassan
N.
haker
Plants respond to a wide range of several synthetic chemicals that can stimulate the production of plant defense compounds that help prevent pest infestation.In this study, we examined the effect of exogenous field application of jojoba oil and methomyl on biochemical constituents of broad bean plant cv “Giza 3”, grown in reclaimed agricultural soil, and evaluated its ability to capacity to induce a defense response against Spodoptera littoralis. In a plant measurements selection assay, jojoba oil and methomyl had significant increases in mineral elements, carbohydrates and amino acids content of broad bean leaves. Results from bioassays jojoba oil and methomyl showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in feeding activity and growth rate larvae of cotton leafworm. However, foliar spraying of jojoba oil showed a more significant effect on the treated plant than methomyl. Results revealed that exogenous field application of jojoba oil can play an important role in the protection of broad beans from cotton leafworm.
Exogenously field application
Host plant
Insects antifeedants
jojoba oil
Methomyl
2021
12
01
233
240
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_223351_1cb341f2afe8e968cfc2b66a97e53c74.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Eco-Friendly Tools for Early Detection of Insects in The Stored Wheat Grains Under Egyptian Conditions
Mariam
Morsy
The quality and quantity of stored food grains may be highly reduced by insects attack. Applying protective actions can be performed by technology transfer and monitoring the stored grains for timely detection of insect attacks. Two experiments on stored wheat kernels in the warehouse and retail stores were performed using two methods of international traps across the Sharkia Governorate in 2020 for early detection and monitoring of the insects that attack the wheat storage ecosystem in Egypt. The applied technologies are related to stack probe and insect probe traps which were transferred from India to Egypt via the author. The stack probe traps were tested in the first experiment on the warehoused wheat structure and compared with spear sampling, whereas insect probe traps were applied in the second experiment on the retail stores. The detected insect species by stack probe trap in the warehoused grains were Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, and Rhyzopertha dominica. The detection frequency of T. castaneum achieved 98.5% using trapping and 16.3% by spear sampling within seven days before fumigation treatment. The detection frequency ratios of trapping: spear sampling were 6:1 and 5:1 for T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively. The insect distribution of warehoused wheat kernels indicated the traps of the top layer have the well-trapped highest population of T. castaneum and R. dominica while the bottom layer of grain stacks was dominated with S. oryzae and O. surinamensis. Concerning the second experiment, the insect probe traps have captured four insect species in the open wheat stacks of retail stores. The trapped insects were Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. The collection unit of the insect trap was dominantly filled with T. castaneum and S. oryzae. Ultimately, the more effective eco-friendly tool to catch the insect species in the warehouse before and after fumigation was non baited stack probe trap than the spear sampling methods, and the insect probe trap was the vital detector of insects inside the open wheat stacks in the retail stores. The study demonstrated that the tested traps of India can be effectively used as physical methods and eco-friendly techniques for early detection and monitoring the stored insects without any harm to human health and the environment under Egyptian conditions through the technology transfer from abroad.
Insect probe trap
stack probe trap
early detection
storage ecosystem
Wheat grains
Egypt
2021
12
01
241
255
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_223363_c21a868cc0ae9d7755c1a9c91eab270e.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Induction of Response Genes Involved in The Antioxidants Defense System Against Wheat Steam Rust (Puccinia graminis var. tritici) by Lipopeptides Produced from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis BMG03.
Sameh
Fahim
Walaa
Hussein
Steam rustdisease is one of the major wheat threats in the world, prevention of this plant pathogen accidence or reduction of its severity was of importance in this study. The isolated wheat lipopeptide producers’ endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis BMG03 an over co-producer of both lipopeptides plipastatin and surfactin were used for this purpose. The modified strain has been constructed from B. subtilis BMG01(B. subtilis ATCC168 derivative) by the replacement of the Ppps weak native promoter with a constitutive one PrepU originated from the replication gene repU of Staphylococcus aureus. Five Egyptian wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars; Sk93, Yacara, Gemiza 5, Giza 157 and Giza 164 [sensitive cultivars] were infected by Puccinia graminis var. tritici. and treated with living cells and a microbial suspension containing plipastatin and surfactin mixture of tested bacterial strain and endophyticus Bacillii. Both treated and untreated seedlings have been estimated for Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dimutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) genes expressions by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) as responsible genes involved in the antioxidant defense system. The values of antioxidant enzymes showed elevated values on the plants with symptoms reduction, SOD has shown overexpression values about high two folds in treated and infected seedlings than in infected ones, while CAT expression values were about three folds more in treated and infected seedlings than in infected ones due to the relationship between the systemic resistance induction (SRI) with the involved biosynthetically substrates in antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Lipopeptides
Triticum aestivum
SOD gene
CAT gene
2021
12
01
257
268
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_230782_73d066c8941e155e7988db94092db785.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Appraisal Role of Watery and Acetonic Leaves Extract of Moringa oleifera Growing in Egypt against Cd-induced Toxicity in Male Albino Rats
Kamal
Mahmoud
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that negatively affects various organs of the organism, especially the liver and kidneys. Using plant species to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals has gained popularity, due to its low cost in parallel with fewer side effects than the physical and chemical methods. Here, we evaluate the role of Moringa oleifera (M.O) leaf extracts (aqueous and acetone) at two different doses (300 and 600 mg/Kg b.wt) from each extract against cadmium toxicity. Thirty male albino rats (190±10g) were divided into six groups and treated for 30 days. Group 1: control, Group 2: treated by Cd alone (5.4 mg/Kg b.w/day), Group 3 and 4: received M.O aqueous extract at 300 and 600 mg/Kg b.w/day respectively in parallel with Cd as in group 2, Group 5 and 6 received M.O acetonic extract at 300 and 600 mg/Kg b.w/day respectively in parallel with Cd as in group 2. In comparison with the control group, cadmium treatment showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the levels of liver, renal biomarkers, and oxidative stress parameters, but showed a significant decrease in the antioxidant indices. In contrast, groups treated with aqueous and acetones’ M.O extract in parallel with cadmium, showed a significant reduction in the previously mentioned parameters except for antioxidant indices which recorded significant (P≤0.05) elevation. The result revealed that M.O leaf extracts successfully improved the undesirable effects of cadmium and restored almost all variables to near their control levels and using Moringa leaf extracts as natural supplementary besides their health benefits can protect against toxicity caused by cadmium.
cadmium
Moringa Oleifera extracts
hepatorenal functions, oxidative stress
2021
12
01
269
279
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_242357_4f23b6c941546bb7285a251a2c31d39f.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
The Single and Combined Effects of Two Active Ingredients Against the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Predators in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Al Qalyubia Governorate
Heba
El-Banna
Eman
Elrehewy
Marwa
El-Sabagh
Sara
Abd El-Kareem
Soybean plants are subjected to invasion by many insect pests. The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important pests that infect soybean plants causing a large loss in yield. The extensive use of conventional insecticides caused adverse impacts on the environment and natural enemies, besides the formation of resistance against these compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the efficacy of chemically mixed compound and its comparison with its active ingredients alone against the larvae of S. littoralis, and its predators in two growing seasons, 2020 and 2021. The field application revealed that the commercial mixture Folliam Felixi® (Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole) significantly reduced the larval population of S. littoralis compared to Niloxam® (Thiamethoxam), Coragen® (Chlorantraniliprole), and the untreated area, through both growing seasons. The tested compounds showed no significant toxicity against the individuals of ladybird, Coccinella sp., and lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, through both growing seasons. All tested compounds can be used successfully as a component of integrated pest management of cotton leafworm in Egypt.
Commercial mixed insecticides
Spodoptera littoralis
Predators
natural enemies
2021
12
01
281
287
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_243110_6a5ffd6f9a09fde167f7dd9de7a881af.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Impact of the Parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) on Crucifers Aphid in Egypt and Iraq.
Ahmed
Saleh
Ahmed.
Jabbar
Said.
Amer
Mohamed
Zawrah
The present study was conducted to survey and count the population density of parasitoids on crucifers aphid infesting cabbage plants in Egypt and, Iraq during the two seasons 2019-20 and 2020-21. Three parasitoids, one primary D. rapae and two hyperparasitoid, Pachyneuron sp. andAlloxysta sp., were recorded. Diaeretiella rapae was highly dominant (91.37 and 88.39%) in Egypt and (94.00 and 91.03% )in Iraq during the 2019-20 and 2020-21 seasons. The highest parasitism rate in Egypt was 92.39% recorded in the 2019-20 season and 95.65 % in the 2020-21 season. Meanwhile, in Iraq it was77.78% recorded in the 2019-20 season while it was 53.33 % in the 2020-21 season. The life cycle of D. rapae was 17.43±0.91 days at 18.00°C ±1°C and 65 ±5RH%. The sex ratio (Female: Males) was 2.47 :1. By rearing D rapae for two generations, the sex ratio was almost 1:1 in two generations. This investigation may be helpful in implementing the use of parasitoids as biological control agents in integrated pest management programs for aphids on cabbage.
Brevicoryne brassicae
Diaeretiella rapae
Ecology
biology
2021
12
01
289
299
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_243112_eece09a4701a76a8314babef155526b3.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Impact of Irrigation Systems and Applied Water on Crop Yield, WUE, Certain Nematicides Efficiency, and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Activity Infected Tomato Plants
A.
Samak
M.
Abo-Korah
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of two drip irrigation systems (surface and subsurface drip irrigation) and different levels of applied irrigation water (60%, 80%, 100% of ET) on the efficiency of three nematicides [Vaydate (oxamyl); Bio-zeid (Trichoderma album) and Nemaless (Serratia marcescens)] in eliminating parasitic nematodes infected tomato plants. The observed results demonstrated that the subsurface drip irrigation system at water level 80 % of ET led to an increase in the efficiency of nematicides in eliminating parasitic nematodes. There are significant differences between the effect of applicable nematicides in eliminating parasitic nematodes. Vydate gives the best result on the highest death rate with superiority in its efficiency against plant-parasitic nematodes (87.9%) followed by Bio-zeid (81.2%) and Nemaless (71.2%), descending. The activity of parasitic nematodes on tomato plants increases with the increase of applied water in the soil. Where, the lowest average of the numbers of parasitic nematodes juvenile occurred at the lowest applied water level (60 % of ET), reaching (3007.4) with the appliance of a surface drip irrigation system, and the highest average (3697.3) was observed at a higher applied water level (100 % of ET) under the subsurface drip irrigation system. Vaydate led to a decrement in whole mature females of root-knot nematodes, egg masses, and root gall index in percentages (-93.9, -91.5, and -80.0%), followed by Bio-zeid with proportions (-81.2, -75.6, and -60.0%), respectively, under a subsurface drip irrigation system and a water application level of 80% of ET. The reported data of fruit yield confirmed in general that, there were significantly affected by the applied amount of water and different nematicides. The obtained results showed that the IWUE increased by increasing the applied amount of water and there were significant differences in the applied amount of water. Where the higher values of IWUE were recorded under the water application levels of 100% of ET.
Surface and subsurface
Drip irrigation systems
tomato plant
Plant-Parasitic Nematode
Nematicide
2021
12
31
301
316
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_244427_64222460d7158437d0292fb9fe08c189.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2021
13
2
Susceptibility of Ceratitis capitate (Wiedemann) To Native and Imported Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Compatibility with Abamectin and Fenamiphos
Ramadan
El-Ashry
Abdelrahman
Eldeeb
Infectivity of two native Egyptian isolates belonging to Heterorhabditis spp. was evaluated against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), compared with imported Steinernema and Heterorhabditis species by two laboratory assays and compatible responses with recommended application concentration (RC) and 0.5 RC of abamectin and fenamiphos. The efficacy of EPNs is directly associated with an increase in concentrations, and percentages of mortalities were higher in the third larvae stage than in the pupal stage. Moreover, native H.bacteriophora (Ar-4 strain) caused the high mortality rates of imported H.bacteriophora (HP88 strain).At concentration 200 IJs/ larvae or pupa, S. feltiae (Filipjev) showed the shortest median lethal time (LT50) for the killing of medfly with LT50 1.19 days in third-instar larvae and 1.26 days with pupae of C. capitata followed by S. glaseri (NC strain) and S. carpocapase (All strain). On the other hand, native H. bacteriophora (Ht strain) caused the least larvae and pupae mortalities compared to other Egyptian isolates, H. bacteriophora Ar-4 strain with LT50 2.25 days and 2.38 days in larvae and pupal stage with mentioned concentration, respectively. Regarding the compatibility of abamectin and fenamiphos with EPN species, incompatible responses were revealed with the RC of abamectin. In contrast, an additive effect was exhibited by combining EPN species and 0.5 RC of the tested nematicides. Also, larvae of medfly showed a compatible interaction (additive) when compared with the pupal stage, and H.bacteriophora (Ar-4 strain) was more compatible with two nematicides compared to H.bacteriophora (Ht strain). Current results indicate the feasibility of the integrated management of EPNs with a low dose of chemical pesticides in crop protection.
Steinernema
Heterorhabditis
native isolates
Ceratitis capitata
biological interaction
Abamectin
fenamiphos
2022
01
03
317
334
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_274501_89268661e4be85337b07734717e5b032.pdf