Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts on Lucilia Sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
1
7
EN
K.
S.
Khater
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
kkhater@taibahu.edu.sa
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17047
The insecticidal effectiveness of three acetone<br />extracts from Tree of Heaven <em>(Ailanthus altissima</em>), Dill <em>(Anethum<br />graveolens</em>) and Coriander <em>(Coriandrum sativum</em>) against third larval<br />instar of <em>Lucilia sericata </em>was<br />investigated. The extracts were highly toxic, with median lethal concentrations<br />(LC<sub>50S</sub>) of 1.37%, 0.31% and 0.87% for tree of heaven, dill and Coriander, respectively. The effects<br />of median lethal concentration of these<br />extracts on pupation and adult emergence percentage were also determined. The<br />pupation and adult emergence percentage were markedly decreased after<br />treatments. Treatments with LC<sub>50</sub> disturb activity of acid and<br />alkaline phosphatases, and protease enzymes.
Anethum graveolens,Coriandrum sativum,Ailanthus altissima,Lucilia sericata,Phosphatases,Protease
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17047.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17047_65482981360f83a776b524e5e2f2c9e2.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Assessment of Resistance Risk to Emamectin Benzoate,Indoxacarb and Spinetoram in Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
9
18
EN
El-Sayed
Mohammad Soliman
Mokbel
Department of Standard Rearing, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Giza, Egypt
Amal
Ibrahim
Huesien
Department of Standard Rearing, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, 12618 Giza, Egypt
Hassan
Fouad Mohammed
Abdel-Hamid
Cotton Pesticides Bioassay Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute, ARC
Hanan
H.
Osman
Cotton leaf worm Dept., Plant Protection Res. Institute, ARC
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17048
Cotton leaf worm, <em>Spodoptera</em><em> littoralis</em> is a major polyphagous pest in Egypt. Resistance development to conventional insecticides led to introduce new pesticides with novel modes of action such as emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and spinetoram. Assessment risk of resistance evolution to these insecticides has a great important for evaluating their future use on a pest population. To determine suitable larval stage for selection experiment. Bioassays were carried out against 1<sup>-st</sup>, 3<sup>-ed</sup> and 5<sup>-th</sup>larval instars. Resistance risk assessment to these insecticides was conducted by selecting a field collected population of <em>S. littoralis</em> (1<sup>-st</sup>instar) with the tested insecticides in the laboratory for six generations to estimate their realized heritability (h<sup>2</sup>). Realized heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) of resistance was 0.21, 0.37 and 0.33 for emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and spinetoram, respectively. The rates of resistance development were compared using the response quotient (<em>Q</em>), which was estimated as 0.170 for both emamectin benzoate and spinetoram; while indoxacarb recorded<em> Q</em> value of 0.21. The projected rate of resistance development had been estimated with different values of slopes and realized heritability. Results suggest that a risk for resistance development to emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and spinetoram may occur in <em>S. littoralis</em> under continuous selection pressure but that resistance development would be slower against emamectin benzoate and spinetoram than indoxacarb.
Spodoptera littoralis,Emamectin benzoate,Indoxacarb,Spinetoram,realized heritability,resistance
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17048.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17048_76cdb44f5d1ae8d8377e763d378dded8.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Chemical Constituents of Eobania vermiculata (Müller) Mucus Before and After Treatment with Acetylsalicylic Acid and Chlorfluazuron.
19
27
EN
Soha
A.
Mobarak
Plant Protection Institute, ARC. Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Randa
A.
Kandil
Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR), Egypt
Nema
M.
El-Abd
Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR), Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17049
Effect of acetylsalicylic acid and chlorfluazuron (IGR) compounds on <em>Eobania</em> <em>vermiculata</em> ((Müller) land snails were studied as contact. LC<sub>50</sub> of the two compounds was estimated after one week. The results indicated that LC<sub>50</sub> of acetylsalicylic acid and chlorfluazuron was 210.6 and 177.7 ppm, respectively. The mucus, of untreated and treated (with half the LC<sub>50</sub> value of the two compounds) animals, was analyzed by GC/Mas/ Mas. Acetylsalicylic acid caused increasing in the volume of gland and necrosis and conglomerate in mucus. While chlorfluazuron decreased the volume of gland and atrophy cells and caused mucus disappearing in the cells. Chemical analyses of mucus indicated that 20 compounds were recorded. These compounds fluctuated between highs and lows in its concentrations compared with untreated individuals. Results revealed that chlorfluazuron was more toxic than acetylsalicylic acid. They both affect snails’ mucus gland and kill them. Therefore, both compounds could be recommended for use in land snail control programs in agricultural field and orchards in Egypt.
Mucus analysis,Eobania vermiculata,Acetylsalicylic acid,chlorfluazuron,Mucus gland
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17049.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17049_0b72361e915feef7f8f318da41652300.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Evaluation of Two Fixed Oils Lepidium sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum and the Volatile Oil Cupressus macrocarpa as Repellent Agent on Two- Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch Infesting Mulberry Trees and Its Impact on Silk Worm, Bombyx mori l.
29
40
EN
Enas
M.
El-Yamani
Sericulture, Physiology and Acarology Research Departments, Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt
Hend
M.
Sabry
Sericulture, Physiology and Acarology Research Departments, Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt
Amira
E.
Mesbah
Sericulture, Physiology and Acarology Research Departments, Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17050
Laboratory bioassays of the plant fixed oils, <strong><em>Lepidium sativum, Trigonella foenum-graecum</em></strong><strong> and volatile oil, <em>Cupressu smacrocarpa </em>as </strong>repellent against adult females of two spotted spider mite, <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch which infesting mulberry trees, the predominant food source for silkworm, <em>Bombyx mori</em>. The results indicated the oils have repellent effect that may be useful in the future to control of the phytophagous mites.
Moreover, the effect of these oils was evaluated on some biological, technological and biochemical aspects of <em>Bombyx mori </em>L. <strong>All investigated oils </strong>increased larval body weight, fresh cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, silk filaments weight and <strong>decreased the mortality percentage </strong>as compared to control. Furthermore, <strong><em>C. macrocarpa </em>oil at all concentrations </strong>increased cocooning percentage. In the same trend, effect of used oil on total soluble protein, aspartate <strong>transaminase</strong> and alanine <strong>transaminase </strong>enzyme levels of the haemolymph of silkworm larvae were studied. Whereas, total soluble protein content increased significantly by concentration of 1% <em>L. sativum</em> and <em>C. macrocarpa</em>, respectively. Moreover, the elevations of aspartate and alanine transaminase enzymes were noticed at the highest concentrations of the tested oils. It could be recommended that, it’s safe to use the tested oils for repellency of <em>T. urticae </em>which infesting mulberry trees without any dangerous effect on mulberry silkworm, <em>Bombyx mori </em>that feed on these trees. Also, these oils increased the productive characters of mulberry silkworm <em>B. mori</em> and can be used as nutritional additives to increase the silk yield.
repellency,Tetranych usurticae Koch,Silkworm,Bombyx mori,botanical oils
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17050.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17050_ad704dda1e31a30baac28a2abe720ed5.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Evaluation of Rodenticide Bromadiolone and Chlorophacinone in Controlling Rodent Infestation at Al-Wadi Al-Gadeed Governorate in Egypt.
41
48
EN
Hany
A. A.
A.
Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17051
Rodent species was surveyed during the four seasons of 2014 and 2015 years, in four locations (El-Kharga at sherka sabaa (the company seven) area, El-Dakhla at Elrashda and Gharb El-Mawhob villages and El-Farafra at bir sitta (the sixth well) area) at Al-Wadi Al-Gadeed governorate of Egypt which located in the southwestern part of the country, in Egypt's Western Desert, part of the Sahara Desert between the Nile, northern Sudan, and southeastern Libya Which represented about 44% of the area of Egypt. Cultivated area about 108067 feddan. Six rodent species, <em>Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Acomys cahirinus, Meriones libycus, Gerbillus gerbillus </em>and<em> Gerbillus </em><em>campestris</em>were founded<em>. R. rattus </em>and <em>R. norvegicus </em>were more abundant species in the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) than other species. Rodent damage assessment to some field crops as wheat, maize, broad beans and tomato in mature stage was carried out. The highest damage was in maize, broad beans and tomato in all studied area and the lowest damage was in wheat in all studies area during 2014 and 2015. On the other hand, the efficacy of bromadiolone and chlorophacinone anticoagulant rodenticides against rodent was tested under field conditions. The field results revealed that, Bromadiolone achieved 86.44% population reduction in maize crop followed by 79.0% for chlorophacinone compound. Also, the population reduction of rodent in broad bean was 87.6% by bromadiolone and 80.59% by chlorophacinone. In case of tomato, bromadiolone gave 87.68% population reduction followed by 81.87% for chlorophacinone compound.
Bromadiolone,Chlorophacinone,Rodent,Al-Wadi Al-Gadeed,Egypt
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17051.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17051_99e8db31a1bda80bcd7f9527fd5b02c4.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Side-Effects of Pesticides on Non-target Organisms: 2- In Egyptian Vegetable Crop Fields and Greenhouses
49
57
EN
El-Heneidy
A.
H.
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
aheneidy@link.net
A.
A.
Khidr
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
F.
M.
Fahim
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17052
In the context of field vegetable crops and through 75 field trials, the direct count technique (100 leaves/ crop/ site/ date) was practiced to collect field data. The study included 4 crops; tomato, potato, cucumber, and pepper cultivated in open fields, and cucumber and pepper, cultivated in greenhouses (GH) through the period 2013-2016. The field trials were 29, 12, 9 and 7 in tomato, potato, cucumber and pepper fields and 16 and 2 in tomato and pepper greenhouses, respectively, conducted at: 33, 20, and 22 in Menoufia, Fayoum and Behera (Nubaria) Governorates, Egypt. Non-target pests and beneficials considered were: <em>Bemesia tabaci </em>(Genn.) <em>Aphis gossypii </em>(Glov.), jassids and <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Kock as non-target pests and <em>Coccinella undicumpunctata </em>L., <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (Steph.) as predators. Twenty-six pesticides targeted the insect pests and mites, and 10 targeted the plant diseases were applied. Based on the IOBC classification, almost all pesticides used (different groups) showed different mortality rates and population reductions, ranged between the toxicity levels of 2–4, represented by 11, 28 and 12 pesticides at the levels 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Eight pesticides; Actellic, Chess, Commando, Imaxi, Proclaim, Rodiant, Super actara, and Tafaban were recorded as class 4, to non-target pests as well to the predators. For the predators, only the highest toxicity levels 3 and 4 were recorded. Therefore, selectivity of pesticides to non-target beneficial arthropods should be a key data for the implementation of IPM programs. Random analysis of pesticide residues in fruits showed some residue (6 compounds and/or microbes) in the fruits of pepper.
Side-effect,Pesticides,Non-target organisms,vegetable crops,residues,Egypt
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17052.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17052_194f1ddf07e06625fbfa89ff746fc720.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Integrated Control of Some Pests Infesting Pomegranate Trees in Northern Western coast.
59
72
EN
Ali
E.
A.
Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17053
The pomegranate butterfly<em>, Virachola</em> <em>livia</em> (Klug) (Lepidoptera: Lycanidae) is an important pest in pomegranate field conditions in Egypt. The study was conducted during 2014 to 2015. Data revealed that the most effective treatment for suppressing pomegranate butterfly was Lambda as chemical insecticides followed by DiPel 2X and Tracer as bioinsecticides then bagging fruits method with reduction percentage 88.5, 59.1, 45.3 and 36.8 %, respectively for infested fruits. Data showed that the mixture of Super Nano with diatom (100%) and Super Nano with diatom (75%) caused a maximum reduction in pomegranate fruit infestation caused by <em>V. livia </em>compared to control treatment which gave reduction percentage 74.4 & 69.5 % for infested fruits. Super Nano treatment that was used only without any mixtures by diatom was the third treatment, which caused a significant reduction of the infestation which were 64.6, respectively for infested fruits of pomegranate butter fly followed by mixture Super Nano with Diatom 50 % and Super Nano with diatom 25% that gave reduction percentage 59.8 & 51.2% for infested fruits. The data clearly showed a potential effect for the mixture between diatoms 1% with Super Nano 100% followed by diatom 1% with Super Nano in different rates 75%, 50%, 25% and diatom without any mixture compared with the control treatment for infested fruits of pomegranate butterfly. Their reduction percentages were 74.9, 70.2, 66.3, 59.8 and 59.0, respectively for infested fruits of pomegranate butter fly. Data of the interaction between natural products (Super Nano & diatoms) and some rates of recommended dose (100, 75, 50 & 25 %) of Lambda insecticide were observed in plants treated by Super Nano with Lambda 100 % of recommended dose followed by diatom with Lambda 100 % of recommended dose, Super Nano with Lambda 75%, Lambda 100% (without kaolin & diatom), Super Nano with Lambda 50%, diatom with 75% lambda compared with the control treatment. The infestation level of pomegranate butterfly were reduced to 97.0, 91.3 , 84.3 and 73.7 for mixing of Super Nano with lambda rates (100, 75, 50 & 25 % ) and (94.6, 82.0, 72.2 & 63.3) for diatom with lambda rates (100, 75, 50 & 25 % ). The lowest effects were Lambda 25 & 50 % (without kaolin & diatom) and reduced the level of infestation to 27.2 and 37.8.
Lymphoma,Jurkat cell line,Curcumin,Ceramide,apoptosis
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17053.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17053_599d371ae7cdce3dbdacdfe6ad93f014.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Population Fluctuations of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) and Survey of Its Natural Enemies in Qaliobiya Governorate.
73
84
EN
Sahar
A.
Attia
Scale Insect and Mealy bug Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Maha
E.
El-Sayid
Scale Insect and Mealy bug Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Sahar
Y.
Abd-ELAziz
Physiology department, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17054
The population fluctuation of the latania scale, <em>Hemiberlisis lataniae</em> (Signoret) was studied for two successive years from (early December, 2012 till mid November, 2014) on guava trees that was obligated to produce its yield in winter to avoid infestation by fruit fly and low price at Shebeen El-Qanater district, Qaliobiya Governorate. The obtained results revealed that <em>H.latania</em> occurred on guava tree all the year round and has three overlapping generations a year. The first generation lasted 120, days (autamn generation), the second generation lasted 90 days, (winter generation) and the third generation (spring generation). It lasted 90 days during the first year. Also the three generation of the second year of investigation were occurred in the same periods where the trees were vigor and full of plant juice (production of green shoots, flowering and fruiting periods). The relationship between the pest fluctuation and three climatic factors (minimum and maximum temperature & R.H. %) were studied where the simple correlation of the Max. and Min temperature were negative and significant but R.H. % gave negative and insignificant. These results is abnormal because the most effective factor is the leaf age in third degree. the combined effect was positive and significant. Also the natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) was surveyed and identified. The surveyed predators were five species of predaceous mites with high, moderate populations and <em>Chrysoperla carnea</em> (stephens), <em>Rodolia cardinalis</em> (mulsant) with low population. Also there were three different parasitoids associated with the scale insect, <em>H. lataniae</em>, <em>Aphytis</em> sp<strong>, </strong><em>Comperiella bifasciata</em> Howard (primary parasitoids) and <em>Mariettja vensis</em> (Haward) (hyper parasitoid).
Hemiberlisis lataniae,Ecology,natural enemies
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17054.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17054_408616e62f2fc85ed7c879841830df18.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Larvicidal and Antifeedant Activities of Different Extracts from Leaves and Stems of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) Against the Housefly, Musca domestica L.
85
98
EN
Mohammad
A.
Fouda
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt
Mostafa
I.
Hassan
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed
Z.
Shehata
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt
Ahmed
I.
Hasaballah
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt
Mohammed
E.
Gad
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17055
The effect of ethanolic, acetone and petroleum ether extracts from leaves and stems of<em> Lantana camara </em>(Verbenaceae) on some biological aspects of the house fly<em>, Musca domestica </em>L were tested. All extracts showed moderate to high toxic effects on <em>M. domestica </em>larvae; however, the petroleum ether extract from leaves and stems were more toxic than acetone and ethanolic extracts. The effect of the extracts on the larval and pupal duration, pupal mortality, adult emergence (%) and growth index of <em>M. domestica </em>were determined. The antifeedant and repellent activities of the present plant extracts varied depending on solvent, plant parts used in extraction and the dose of extract. The petroleum ether extraction from leaves and stems of <em>L. camara </em>was more effective in exhibiting antifeedant and repellent activity against <em>M. domestica </em>as compared with the acetone and ethanol extractions. These results may provide an opportunity to develop alternatives to costly organic pesticides with some available cheap plants which are usually safe to the environment and to other living organisms.
larvicidal,Antifeedant,Lantana camara,Musca domestica
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17055.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17055_5bc4e62d0e08bb6fb5a5fa6bdd0c4eae.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Secondary Metabolites of Colocasia esculenta Extract as Green Insecticide Against the Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)
99
113
EN
Anwaar
M.
Abaza
Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Mona
M.
Gaber
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17056
A petroleum ether extract of <em>Colocasia esculenta</em> leaves yielded two sterols which were identified as;<em> β- sitosterol</em><strong> І</strong>, <em>Stigmasterol</em><strong> ІІ</strong>, these secondary metabolites showed insecticidal, antifeeding and insect growth regulatory activities against the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. So, the efficacy of this extract and two insect growth regulators belonging to different groups; methoxyfenozide (an ecdysone agonist) and lufenuron (chitin synthesis inhibitor) was assayed against the 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em>S. littoralis</em> under laboratory conditions. <em>C. esculenta</em> extract, methoxyfenozide and lufenuron have sub-lethal concentrations LC<sub>25</sub> (17.8 gm/liter, 5.07 mg/liter and 0.80 mg/liter), respectively. It was observed that in case of both<em> C. esculenta</em> and methoxyfenozide treatments, the larvae undergo a precocious molting where promoted apolysis process but die due to failure in completing the molting process, at time shorter than the control ones. Ecdysis and sclerotization were incomplete and the pupa that emerged showed many deformities. The joint action of mixing <em>C. esculenta</em> extract at two concentrations (LC<sub>10</sub> and LC<sub>25</sub>) with methoxyfenozide and lufenuron at two concentrations (LC<sub>10 </sub>and LC<sub>25</sub>) can be evaluated. All the mixtures of <em>C. esculenta</em> and methoxyfenozide have synergistic activity against treated larvae, while all the mixtures of <em>C. esculenta</em> and lufenuron have antagonistic activity. Biochemical characterization of enzyme activities related to molting process and cuticle synthesis showed that <em>C. esculenta</em> extract treatment caused significant disturbance in enzyme balances either decrease or increase comparing to control ones, the reason behind deformations and mortality may be as a result of change in chitinase, phenoloxidase and protease enzymes. These plant sterols<strong> І</strong>, <strong>ІІ</strong> may be considered to be efficient insect growth regulators, as well as having activity similar to phytosteroids, as was evidenced by their significant inhibition of molting processes.
Colocasia esculenta,Spodoptera littoralis,Insect growth regulator,Natural product
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17056.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17056_ad0e4c8b07233ae950ddb6fe54eed98e.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
tudy of the Role of the Antioxidants;Silymarin and Vitamin C in Treatment ofthe Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
115
136
EN
Hassan Helaly
A.A.
Abu Rahma
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut)
Ali
Abdelsalam Ahmed
Attia
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut)
Walid
Nasr El-deinBadawy
Hammam
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut)
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17057
Gastric ulcer represents a serious medical problem largely due to its frequency and high economic cost. Its incidence amounts up to 10% of the population in developed countries. Severe stress, Helicobacter <em>pylori</em> infection, ingestion of alcohol, aspirin and other NSAIDs are predisposing factors. Some studies have implicated the involvement of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers and showed that antioxidants protect against gastro-duodenal injury. The present work was designed to evaluate the potential healing properties of the known antioxidants; silymarin and vitamin C as compared with omeprazole in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in male albino rats. The present study showed that i.p administration of indomethacin (20m/kg) for two successive days produced several necro-hemorrhagic lesions in the gastric mucosa associated with decrease of the antioxidant parameters; Glutathione and Superoxide and increase of the gastric juice and total acid output. Treatment with silymarin (50 mg/kg/day), vitamin C (200 mg/kg/ day) and omeprazole (3.6 mg/kg/day) for 5 days reduced the mean ulcer index, the oxidant parameter, malondialdehyde, the total gastric volume, the titratable acidity and total acid output and increased the antioxidant parameters; glutathione andsuperoxide dismutase.
<strong>In conclusion</strong>, silymarin and vitamin-c produced a significant healing effect in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in male albino rats.
larvicidal,Antifeedant,Lantanacamara,Musca domestica
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17057.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17057_9fa5b062e3af651936c0dabea98e82d6.pdf
Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0864
9
1
2017
04
01
Study of the Antifibrotic Effect of Olmesartan on the Carbon Tetrachloride- Induced liver Toxicity in Rats
137
154
EN
Sobhy
Hassan
Ewis
Departments of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
Ali
Abd El Salaam
Ahmed
Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
Hassan
Awwad
Departments of Physical Medicine
and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University
10.21608/eajbsf.2017.17058
Hepatic fibrosis is a major medical problem in which excessive connective tissue accumulates in the liver; this tissue represents scarring in response to chronic, repeated liver cell injury. Commonly, fibrosis progresses, disrupting hepatic architecture and eventually function, as regenerating hepatocytes attempt to replace and repair damaged tissue. When such disruption is widespread, cirrhosis is occurred. Olmesartan medoxomil is an antihypertensive agent, which has a hepatoprotective effect in man and the administration of olmesartan to patients with mild alcoholic liver disease improved the abnormal liver function tests more rapidly. Fifty adult male albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 5 groups each group 10 rats. The animal groups received carbon tetrachloride CCL4 except the first group (served as control group) to perform hepatic fibrosis, also the treated groups three, fourth and fifth received olmesartan with different doses in addition to CCL4. Finally, the rats were anesthetized with ether and their abdomens were opened and the livers were dissected and prepared for histological examination by light and electron microscopes. Also the blood samples were withdrawn to evaluate the liver functions. The results of the present study revealed that administration of CCL4 to the rats produced liver fibrosis and these effects were relatively improved by administration of olmesartan.
ARB (angiotensin II receptor blockers),Olmesartan,Liver fibrosis
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17058.html
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17058_11d47992fb87332af55e200021ea0e46.pdf