ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fumigant toxicity of seven essential oils against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
Essential oils of Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia),Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum),lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Thyme,( Thymus vulgaris), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) were tested for their fumigant activity against Callosobruchus maculatus (L.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults. Percentage mortality increased with increasing concentration of different oils and exposure period. C. zeylanicum and M. alternifolia gave 90.0 % mortality at 8.0 and 16.0 µl /50 ml air, respectively, at exposure period of 24 hour for S. oryzae . C. zeylanicum , M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris essential oils gave 100% mortality at 8.0 , 16.0 and 16.0 µl /50 ml air , respectively, at exposure period of 24 hour for C. maculatus. Both species were found to be highly susceptible to C. zeylanicum whereas the LC95 values were 3.67 and 4.7 µl /50ml air for S. oryzae and C. maculatus, respectively, at exposure period of 72 hour. C. maculatus was more sensitive than S. oryzae to the essential oils of S. aromaticum and E. globulus whereas the LC95 values were 1.032 and 3.66 µl /50ml air, respectively , while the LC95 values to S. aromaticum and E. globulus were 4.07 and 8.73µl /50ml air, respectively , for S. oryzae at the same exposure period.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17455_e47f8e654d2a02147d42bee35fde1ba7.pdf
2010-06-01
1
6
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17455
Callosobruchus maculatus
Sitophilus oryzae
Essential oils
Ahmed
Abd El-Salam
1
Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrer St.12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Insecticidal activity of citric acid and their soluble powder formulations against Aphis craccivora under laboratory conditions.
Anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphat (SDS) was used as wetting agent to prepare citric acid as soluble powder formulation. The prepared formulation showed stability and passed successfully all physico-chemical properties for soluble powder formulations. The insecticidal activity of active ingredient and its formulations were compared with citric acid (SP 90%) that prepared by El-kady (2008) through using non-ionic surfactant against different stages of Aphis craccivora under laboratory conditions.
The results showed that, the active ingredient showed a slight activity against Aphis craccivora after two hours from treatment and increased gradually to give the high effectiveness after 12 hours. On the other hand all formulations were more effective against nymphs than adults and winged. With the other point of view the prepared Sp formulations were more effective than their active ingredient. The increasing in this effectiveness of test formulations depended on type of wetting agents, exposure periods and treated stage.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17457_10dd9cfbff692472bcd74b9547b7260b.pdf
2010-06-01
7
12
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17457
Citric acid
Aphis craccivora
Ashraf
El-kady
1
Central Agricultural pesticide Lab Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Azza
Mohamed
2
Central Agricultural pesticide Lab Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Aziza
Mohamady
ziza_1972@yahoo.com
3
Central Agricultural pesticide Lab Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficiency of some insecticides in male annihilation technique of peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) under Egyptian conditions
The effectiveness of technical products of Naled, Lambada, Fenthion (Lebaycid), Fenitrothion (Sumithion), Malathion and Dimethoate (mixed with methyl eugenol in the ratio of 1:4), in addition to commercial Malathion (57% EC mixed with methyl eugenol in two ratios of 1:2 and 2:3) were evaluated under field conditions as male annihilation technique (lure and kill) of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tiphritidae). Plant fiber blocks saturated with mentioned mixtures were used at four governorates of Egypt (Damietta, Dakahlia, Ismailia and Fayoum) over 12 successive weeks. Efficiency (as lured and killed populations per block per day) of all tested mixtures degraded over time regardless the area. The obtained results revealed that Naled mixture was significantly superior to all other mixtures regard less area or inspection. Naled mixture blocks were relatively effective for up to 8 weeks while others efficiency did not exceed 4 weeks. Commercial Malathion (1:2), technical Malation, Dimethoate were the worth. It was recommended that Naled mixture can be used successfully in B. zonata male annihilation technique and renewed every two months. Lambada, Lebaycid, Sumithion, commercial Malathion (2:3) mixtures could be used with monthly renewal.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17458_6590472d243e93c238d46d03e735cf2e.pdf
2010-06-01
13
19
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17458
Bactrocera zonata
male annihilation technique
Methyl Eugenol
plant fibers blocks
Insecticides
Nabil
Ghanim
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Giza 12618
AUTHOR
Sameh
Moustafa
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Giza 12618
AUTHOR
Mostafa
El-Metwally
3
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Giza 12618
AUTHOR
Yousry
Afia
4
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Giza 12618
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Salman
5
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Giza 12618
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Mostafa
6
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Giza 12618
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Persistent organochlorine in human breast milk from Al-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Inthe present study, 23 human breast milk samples were collected in January 2009from Fakous city, Al-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The samples were analysedfor organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) andits metabolites, α, β, and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers. The averageconcentrations of HCHs and DDTs were 225 and 1315 ng/g lipid respectively. Therewas no significant difference between the levels of OCP and mother age, while there was a significant differenceand correlation between the levels of OCP and the number of times the motherhad breast fed (primiparous and multiparous) (p < 0.05). The resultssuggested that DDT is still entering the environment depending on the observed ratioof DDE/DDT. The levels of OCP in human milk recommended that we need to do moreregular pollutant monitoring programs.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17459_bf287cbec92be1940956fa50f995ecf5.pdf
2010-06-01
21
30
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17459
Persistent organochlorine
pesticide
Human milk
Egypt
Sherif
Abd Al-Rahman
1
Pesticides Residues and Environmental Pollution Dept., Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center. Giza 12618, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biocidal activity of some castor extracts against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Homoptera: Aleyrpdidae)
The biocidal activity of castor oil plant (Ricinuscommunis) in controlling the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Homoptera: Aleyrpdidae) was examined. Castor oil was extracted from seeds using different solvents, hexane, acetonitril and methanol.Assays were performed with adults and larvae. Mortality of the pest increased with increasing concentrations of castor oil. The lethal concentrations of the castor oil extracts was higher for adult fly than the immature stage. The insecticidal values of castor oils were compared with other formulations based on Azadirachtin (neemix, 4.5% EC) and Pyrethrum 5% SC. Emulsions of castor seed oil gave effective control against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn).
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17460_d1e646b95f46fd0593ffaa699ec19038.pdf
2010-06-01
31
38
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17460
Ricinus communis
oil
Azadirachtin
Pyrethrum
Bemisia tabaci (Genn)
Nasr
Khalil
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center
AUTHOR
Hesham
Elseedi
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Saleh
3
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Salama
4
Departement of Entomology Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Hamed
5
Departement of Entomology Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biochemical and Toxicological studies on different field strains of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch)
Field strains of copea Aphis craccivora selected (in October 2008) from different Governorates (Behira, Gharbia, Sharkia and Faiyoum) were treated by different groups of insecticides, to evaluate their efficacy against this pest and to study some biochemical characters of these strains. The novel compound thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid) was the most effective one followed by diafenthiuron (thiourea compounds), carbosulfan (carbamate) and esfenvalerate (pyrethroid) in the all tested Governments except Sharkia, diafenthiuron was the least effective one (LC50 232.80 ppm), while carbosulfan was the least effective one at Gharbia Governorate (LC50 109.7ppm.) Differences in protein content, protein patterns, esterase activity, alkaline and acidic phosphatase were detected and differed from population to another.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17461_db0b429a4ee4a61f8103214e0b67b7ad.pdf
2010-06-01
39
43
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17461
biochemical
Toxicological
cowpea aphid
Aphis craccivora (Koch)
Azza
Mohamed
1
Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
Aziza
Mohamady
ziza_1972@yahoo.com
2
Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicity and Biological effect of Capparis leaves extracts to the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.)
Three different concentrations (20, 10 and 5%) of ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and chloroform extracts of Capparis aegyptia plant leaves were tested against 2nd instar larvae of Agrotis ipsilon to study the toxicity and their effects on some biological parameters under laboratory conditions. Maximum mortality percentage was 40% at 5% of ethyl acetate extract, while treatment with ethanol extract recorded the lowest mortality percentages especially at 5%. Calculated LC50 was ranged between 5.752 and 8.027 at treatments with ethanol extract and chloroform extract, respectively. Low concentrations were almost more toxic than high. Malformation percentages of emerged adults were observed with ethanol and diethyl ether extracts. Fecundity reduction percentages at treatments in comparison with control reached the maximum (100%) at treatment with ethyl acetate extract while the minimum was about 50% at chloroform extract treatment.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17462_d7aff8209355cebcbcbda42569f040fe.pdf
2010-06-01
45
51
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17462
toxicity
biological
Capparis leaves extracts
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.)
Mahasen
El-Shershaby
1
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriclture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of spearmint oil and powder as alternative of chemical control against C. maculatus in Cowpea Seeds
Alternative and safe control methods for stored product pests are in demand. Powder and essential oil of Mentha viridis plant leaves were tested under laboratory conditions for its ability to protect cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus with the respect to adult's mortality, hatchability of laid eggs and emergency of selected insect. Moreover, GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the possible biologically active components from spearmint oil. Furthermore, the effect of spearmint oil and powder on the germination of cowpea seeds was also investigated. The insect was reared and tested on whole cowpea grain. The efficacy of these plant products was evaluated relative to malathion insecticide as standard compound to protect cowpea grains against C. maculatus. The results showed that, the oil and powdered of M. viridis were effective against C. maculatus insect with the respect to mortality of insect adults. Also, the oil and powdered products of Mentha viridis significantly reduced the number of eggs laid, hatchability and subsequently the emergency of C. maculatus insect relative to control treatment. Slight effect of spearmint products (oil and powder) on the germination of cowpea seeds relative to control was recorded. The efficacy of spearmint oil and powder against the tested insect due to the presence of different compounds that known by its insecticidal activity. The results suggested that, the spearmint oil and powder are promising as alternative of chemical control against C. maculatus in cowpea seeds to overcome resistance of the insect against insecticides and reduce the environmental pollution.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17463_968f6bb5d3f9869f71989055593a0dd1.pdf
2010-06-01
53
61
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17463
oil
powder
malathion
Cowpea
spearmint plant
Aly
Derbalah
aliderbalah@yahoo.com
1
Pesticides department faculty of Agriculture kafr-El-Shiekh University, 33516 Egypt
AUTHOR
Sahar
Ahmed
2
Pesticides department faculty of Agriculture kafr-El-Shiekh University, 33516 Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicological Effects of Some Heavy Metal Ions on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)
Different concentrations of selected heavy metals in the form of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), copper sulphate (CuSO4), lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) and mercuric nitrate (Hg (NO3)2) were tested against immature and mature stage of C. pipiens to assess the toxicity, LC50,totalcarbohydrate and lipid content. The survival potential of 2nd instar larvae was highly affected by the contamination with the tested heavy metals. On the basis of LC50, Cd was the most toxic metal against the larval stage followed by Hg, Cu and Pb. The late toxicity of heavy metals tested on the adult females resulted from larvae treated with the LC50 of each heavy metal decreased significantly the number of eggs laid by female. The fecundity recorded 81.7±5.03, 90.3±2.52, 92.7±3.5 and 78.6±1.52 eggs/♀ for females resulted from larvae treated with the LC50 of CdCl2, CuSO4, Pb (NO3)2 and Hg (NO3)2; respectively, compared to 186±4 eggs/♀ for control females. The hatchability percent of eggs laid with the LC50 of CdCl2, CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2 and Hg (NO3)2 was significantly decreased to 37, 73, 80 and 39 %; respectively, compared to 97 % for eggs laid by untreated females. A significant decrease in total carbohydrate content in the whole body of males and females, C. pipiens resulted from larvae treated with the LC50 of CdCl2 or the LC50 of Hg (NO3)2 was observed. Also, the present study showed a significant decrease in total lipid content of females by the LC50 CuSO4 and the LC50 of Hg (NO3)2, while in males a significant increased was caused by the LC50 CuSO4 and the LC50 of Pb(NO3)2. It is clear from the results obtained in this study that the presence of such elements in the environmental system of the mosquito C. pipiens water as possible to contribute to the reduction of mosquito breeding.
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17465_7e2413e2549822bf30cef00c99a08505.pdf
2010-06-01
63
76
10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17465
Heavy metals
toxicity
fecundity
Hatchability
C. pipiens
El-Sheikh
El-Sheikh
tarek_elshekh2000@yahoo.com
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Fouda
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Hassan
3
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abd-Elhamed
Abd-Elghaphar
4
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hasaballah
5
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR