@article { author = {Abdel.Rahman, Tarek. and Seloma, Ayman and Ismail, Ismail}, title = {Adsorption Study of Cadmium (II) and Lead (II) On Rice Husk}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.105964}, abstract = {Rice husk was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH, concentration, agitation speed, and dose on the removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) have been evaluated. Our result shows that rice husk powder has high reduction efficiency for both metals. Results showed that low-cost adsorbents can be fruitfully used for the removal of heavy metals with a concentration range of 30–40 g/l. The percentage removal of heavy metals was dependent on the dose and concentration of Rice husk. The contact time necessary for maximum adsorption was found to be 35-40 min. The optimum pH range for heavy metal adsorption was 4–8.}, keywords = {Adsorption,cadmium,Lead,rice husk and atomic absorption}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_105964.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_105964_11f8cfdcf0ec731e232651fbf499cbeb.pdf} } @article { author = {Adly, Ayman,}, title = {Follow Up Effectiveness for A Field Application of a Chlorfluazuron Compound (Topron) On Long-Term on Earias insulana (Boisd.) Through the Histological Examination of The Integument}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {9-17}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.107139}, abstract = {Under a single field application, the long-term effect of a chitin synthesis inhibitor, Chlorfluazuron (Topron 5% EC) on spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisd.) was evaluated through histological investigation on the integument as it an essential background to the action of that insecticide. After two weeks off use, samples of large-sized larvae (12 - 15 days age-old approximately) under the effect of the procedure were to represent the criterion of the long-term for the tested compound. The microscopic examination of the treated sections showed distinct changes in the tissue components of integument compared to the untreated specimens. The treated sections showed an increase in the thickness of the epidermis layer with noting that there is no new layer of cuticle or show any other signs of further development. Various specimens of the treated larval sections revealed the presence of an individual layer of cuticle, which looked thick, and the spines were rough, extra-long, and tanned. Also, in many sections, the cuticle had been seen shrinkage from the epidermis. The current study confirms and suggests that the long-term impact must be considered for such compounds when evaluated under field conditions.}, keywords = {Spiny Bollworm. chitin synthesis inhibitors,integument,histo- microscopic examination}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_107139.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_107139_0b84f5fba9790a51aadac64dd403e1d6.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaber, Wafaa and Nasr, Heba}, title = {Comparison Between the Effect of Neem Oil and Neem Aqueous Extract on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {19-23}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.108454}, abstract = {The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests responsible for yielding losses for many crops. For several years, chemical control of mites has been extensively practiced; a major problem in the control of T. urticae is the response to develop resistance to many acaricides, and so, scientists make efforts to replace the chemical acaricides with natural acaricides, as a mean to reduce negative impacts to human health and the environment. In the search for control alternatives, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of neem essential oil and the aqueous neem extract against adult females of Tetranychus urticae under laboratory conditions. Also, LC50 of each treatment was established and the obtained results revealed that the active essential oil of neem was more effective than the aqueous neem extract. LC50: 33.99 ppm and 260.30 ppm for neem oil and aqueous extract respectively. However, LC90 value was 238.83 ppm and 1813.70ppm for neem oil and aqueous extract, respectively. }, keywords = {Tetranychus spp,Neem oil,neem aqueous extract}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_108454.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_108454_baf448d6409e641da4354e5b47dd96e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Galil, Farouk and Amro, Safaa and Abd El-Raheem, Abd El-Raheem and Darwish, Dalya and Mahmoud, Mervat}, title = {Responsibility of Certain Biotic Factors for Management Populations of Brevicoryne brassicae L in Cabbage fields}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {25-34}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.110804}, abstract = {This work was carried out at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cabbage growing seasons. Evaluation of the seasonal abundance of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L in cabbage fields and responsibility of certain biotic factorsfor managing populations of this insect pest was the cornerstone of this investigation. Cabbage aphid, B. brassicae was found to be active on cabbage plantations and recorded in low numbers (99.71 individuals / 7 Cm2 / leaf / infested plant) at the beginnings of the season (November) with gradual increase until harvesting. Three amongst the six evaluated cabbage cultivars and/or hybrids were appeared as susceptible (S) and harbored so high numbers of the pest. However, the remaining cultivars showed some sort of resistance to this insect pest. The local cultivar (Ganzory) harbored the least aphid numbers and appeared as moderately resistant (MR) cultivar.  This finding could be attributed to the antixenosis and/or antibiosis phenomena presented by this local cultivar.  Proteins and amino acid contents showed a highly significant positive correlation (r) with B. brassicae populations, however, chlorophyll showed highly significant negative (r). The obtained data reflect the role of the cabbage aphid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) to manage B. brassicae populations. Mummified aphids (parasitism rate) before harvesting were found to be equal 6.16-fold of that recorded before ripening stages. High percentages of D. rapae were succeeded to emerge from the mummified B. brassicae with diverse extrusion rates. Multiple increases were recorded on the percentages of infested plants when cabbage undergo toward ripening at the 9th stage till harvesting. No or less existence of unmarketable plants (through the periods of the low infestation)before cup formation and/or plant ripening period was recorded. So, it can be concluded that cabbage cultivar, plant age, and stage in addition to plant metabolites combined with the naturally occurring biological control agent (Aphid parasitoid) can be affected and manage the population trend of cabbage aphid B. brassicae infesting cabbage in the field.}, keywords = {cabbage,aphid populations,relative susceptibility,Parasitoids,yields loss}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_110804.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_110804_176473732b4910088079120c82bf6ae5.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Monairy, Olfat and Abdel-Meguid, Abla and Emara, Manar}, title = {Efficacy of Methanol Leaf Extract, Biosynthesized Silver and Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Nerium oleander against Musca domestica}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {35-45}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.110808}, abstract = {Plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. In the present study silver and chitosan nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Nerium oleander leaf extract as a bio-reducing agent. Results recorded from UV–vis spectrum, HRTEM and FTIR supported the biosynthesis and characterization of silver and chitosan nanoparticles. From HRTEM analysis, the AgNPs have spherical shape morphology with an average size of about 4-32 nm. CsNPs were ranged between 34-65 nm and the shape seem spherical with dark parts confirmed the capsulated plant extract. Larvicidal activity of leaf extract of N. oleander and synthesized silver and chitosan nanoparticles was carried out against M. domestica. CsNPs showed the utmost toxicity against M. domestica after 48h exposure with LC50 value of 0.64 ppm and LC50 values of leaf extract and AgNPs were 73.024 and 2.18 ppm respectively. A significant prolongation in the larval duration was observed in treated larvae. All the tested compounds induced reduction in the pupation rate and adult emergence and caused noticeable larval, pupal, and adult abnormalities. The potency in killing M. domestica larvae and stability of N. oleander-CsNPs have made this product a good candidate for the development of a novel natural larvicide.}, keywords = {larvicidal,Musca domestica,Nerium oleander,AgNPs,CsNPs}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_110808.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_110808_e6fac99e42407dfcc31ee820e504dc30.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Dina}, title = {Comparative Studies, Under Laboratory Conditions, of Four Selected Insecticides on Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {47-61}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.111247}, abstract = {The insecticidal activities of four insecticides (i.e. synthetic pyrethroid"lambdathrin"; indoxacarb "steward"; mineral oil"masrona" and emamectin benzoate "proclaim") were evaluated on the 1st instar larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, as well as determining the biochemical changes and histological effects in 10-day treated insects after treatment with LC50s of aforementioned insecticides. Lambdathrin was the most toxic insecticides followed by proclaim, then steward whereas masrona was the least toxic one. The corresponding LC50values were 1.0097, 4.0423, 300.47, and 69917.34 ppm, respectively. Fluctuated biochemical changes were achieved. Total soluble protein content decreased insignificantly after treatment with lambdathrin, masrona, and proclaim. Otherwise, treatment with steward caused a significant increase in the protein content by 85.5% than control. For total lipids content, steward caused an insignificant decrease in the total lipids content by 44.62%. While lambdathrin and masrona caused a significant decrease by 50.78 and 72.58%, respectively. Also, it is noticeable that proclaim caused a significant increase in the total lipids content by 145.19-fold than control. For the determination of the changes in the AST and ALT activity, lambdathrin caused a significant increase in the AST activity by 99.93% and a significant decrease in the ALT activity by 57.12%. Steward activated both of the AST and ALT activities over control by 308.41 & 151.77%, respectively. Masrona didn’t affect AST activity. while it caused a significant decrease in the ALT activity by 64.49%. On the other hand, treatment with proclaimdidn’t affect both AST and ALT activity.          According to histological effects, signs of intoxication have begun on the level of the mid-gut. Treated larvae showed morphologically, malformation, and destruction of the epithelial columnar cells, vacuolization, and sometimes detachment of the basement and peritrophic membranes of the epithelial cells afterlambdathrin, steward, masrona and proclaim treatments. At the level of masrona and steward, treatments exhibited obvious damage to the boundaries of epithelial cells leading to disruption and fusion in the columnar epithelium cells and necrotic epithelium in some regions. On the other hand, larvae treated with both lambdathrin and proclaim produced less damage of the epithelial columnar cells. However, in both masrona and proclaim treatments, microvilli of brush border appeared to be normal.}, keywords = {Pectinophora gossypiella,PBW,Midgut,biochemical and histological aspects}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_111247.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_111247_09c4c89bfeac0b231e2149fe72d10824.pdf} } @article { author = {Sobhi, Amal and M., El kousy and A., El-Sheikh}, title = {Some Toxicological and Physiological Aspects Induced by Camphor oil, Cinnamomum Camphora on the Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {63-73}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.111248}, abstract = {The cotton leafworm, (Spodoptera littoralis) is considered as one of the most serious polyphagous pests not only in Egypt but also all over the world, infesting a wide host range. So, it was a vital demand to abolish this destructive pest. the harmful and traditional insecticides are frequently used so it was necessary to search for alternative eco-friendly Bio-pesticides. Natural products, to a large extent, are considered safer and have fewer side-effects. In the present study, the essential camphor oil (cinnamomum camphora) was investigated against 4th instar larvae ofS. littoralis showing considerable toxicity with accumulative larval mortality with LC50 20000 ppm. Moreover, when its biochemical effects were studied on S. littoralis, camphor oil not only caused a significant decrease in the main components: total proteins, total carbohydrates, and total lipids but also caused a significant reduction in the activities of invertase, trehalase, chitinase, and transaminases enzymes. However, camphor oil had no significant effect on amylase activity. Also, GC (gas chromatography) analysis was done for camphor oil. From this study, it was concluded that camphor oil is one of the promising tools for pest management as a lot of its partners from essential oils. }, keywords = {Cinnamomum camphora,Spodoptera littoralis,toxicity,bio-insecticides,Essential oils,Enzymes,GC analysis}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_111248.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_111248_1cccd15faa204fcbd2a473dba94e4094.pdf} } @article { author = {M., El-Ashry, and F., El-Akhrasy, and M., Abd El-Aal,}, title = {Combined Effect of Certain Entompathogenic Nematodes and Two Nematicides against Juveniles of Eobania vermiculata and Monacha cartusinana (Müller)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {75-88}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.112814}, abstract = {Mortality of imported entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88),H. indica, and Steinernema carpocapsae (All) compared with local EPNs isolates, H. bacteriophora   (Ar-4), H. bacteriophora (Serag1), and H. bacteriophora (Ht) alone or combined with the recommended dose of abamectin and fenamiphos on juvenile mortality percentages of two land snail species, Eobania vermiculata (Müller) and Monacha cartusinana (Müller) have been studied in a series of laboratory experiments.             Results exhibited that, mortality percentages and combined effect in the two land snail species were obviously influenced by EPNs species/strains, concentrations and exposure time. Among EPNs, H. bacteriophora HP88, H. indica, and H. bacteriophora (Ar-4) achieved the highest means of mortality percentages (66.67 & 70.0, 65.33 & 68.67 and 54.67 & 62.0 %) after three weeks of exposure with E. vermiculata and M. cartusinana. Whereas, S. carpocapsae (All) achieved the least mortality means (46.0 & 49.33 %) respectively.             On the other hand, application of 500 IJs of EPNs conjunction with RD of abamectin and fenamiphos surpassed use EPNs or RD alone to reach (69.00, 70.00, 62.67 %), in fenamiphos and abamectin reached 71.33, 67.33 and 62.67 % in E. vermiculata with H. bacteriophora HP88, H. indica and H. bacteriophora (Ar-4), respectively.            While the parallel values with M. cartusinana were 81.33, 84.00, 76.00 % in fenamiphos treatments and 72.00, 46.67, 67.33 % with abamectin treatments. CF of the tested EPNs with nematicides and their response varied according to periods of exposures. Synergistic and additive effects were exposed with EPNs and tested nematicides after one week, whereas additive or antagonistic effects were recorded after two and three weeks with examined land snail species.}, keywords = {Entomopathogenic nematodes,Eobania vermiculata,Monacha cartusinana,combined effect,mortality}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_112814.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_112814_0c4a16513b23776857ce48a8fd1fd037.pdf} } @article { author = {Mostafa, Inas}, title = {Entomopathogenic Fungi against Cabbage Aphids, Brevicoryne brassica L.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {89-96}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.112816}, abstract = {The present investigation was carried out during two successive Cabbage seasons (2016-2017 and 2017- 2018), to study the impact of entomopathogenic fungi on Brevicoryne brassica L. The aphid Populations were evaluated in the field early in the season in December 2016 which began to appear on cabbage plants. Thereafter number of aphids increased gradually to reach a peak of abundance during December 2016 & 2017 and January 2017 & 2018). Three concentrations were used (1 x105, 1 x 106 and 1 x 107 spores/ ml.). Under laboratory conditions, the results showed that V. lecanii, M. anisopliae, and B. bassiana have high toxicity and mortality rates occurred after 3rd day from treatment. The maximum percent of mortality (100 %) occurred after the 10th day from treatment with the 3rd concentration in V. lecanii. The 3rd concentration (1 x 107spores/ ml.) was highly toxic in V. lecanii, B. bassiana, and M. anisopliae to the adult of Brevicoryne brassica L. compared with the other two concentrations.Under field conditions, the third concentration (1 x 107) also, was the best concentration against Brevicoryne brassica L. after the third application in V. lecanii, B. bassiana, and M. anisopliae. The percent of reduction was ranged between 93.3 to 99.2% and 92.0 to 97.7 in the high concentrations, in the two seasons, respectively. V. lecanii and B. bassiana were highly effective than M. anisopliae against Brevicoryne brassica L. These results confirmed that V. lecanii, B. bassiana, and M. anisopliae isolates are promising agents for Brevicoryne brassica L. control in the field.}, keywords = {Entomopathogenic fungi,Brevicoryne brassica L,control}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_112816.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_112816_e69760a5473e3cd449ea113de0b40bbb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdulrhman, Sanaa, and A., Nahas, and Ziada, Reem,}, title = {Pregnancy Outcome in Female Rats Exposed to Bispyribac Sodium and Ameliorative Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {97-108}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.113419}, abstract = {Bispyribac sodium is commonly used as a herbicide worldwide. Few studies had investigated the health impact of exposure to it. Redox homeostasis has a great role during organogenesis through in cell growth, differentiation, and death. The aim of this study is to investigate the redox homeostasis imbalance and teratogenic effect of BPS in female rats exposed to bispyribac sodium (BPS) during organogenesis and evaluates the protective role of Nigella Sativa Oil (NSO). Pregnant female rats were grouped into four groups, negative and positive (NSO) control groups. While the others, BPS with and without NSO treatment groups. Results showed that BPS exposure during the pregnancy led to maternal and fetotoxicity as evidenced by preimplantation, post-implantation loss, reduction in placenta weight, reduction in fetal weight, fetal length, skeletal anomalies (incomplete ossification, misaligned sternbrae), visceral malformation (anophthalmia, microphthalmia, internal hydrocephaly, and microcephaly) and oxidative stress in dams serum. NSO treatment exhibited amelioration in the aforementioned maternal and fetotoxicity against BPS exposure.}, keywords = {Fetotoxicity,Maternal toxicity,bispyribac sodium,Nigella sativa oil,Oxidative Stress}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_113419.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_113419_4ead23435b14eea8b96f0b43edbeb2c5.pdf} } @article { author = {Ziada, Reem and Nahas, A. and Farag, Ahmed and Kotb, Gamila}, title = {Protective Efficacy of Combined Administration of Vitamins C and Curcumin on Cypermethrin - Induced Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {109-118}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.113976}, abstract = {Back Ground: Cypermethrin (CPM) is non-systematic type II synthetic pyrethroid, commonly used for pest control in livestock, forestry, horticulture, household, public and animal health services, private homes, and animal husbandry. By scavenging free radicals and modulating antioxidant protection mechanism, plant phytochemicals (vitamin C and Curcumin) are known to exert their protective impact, Aim: The current research aimed to examine the ameliorative effect of combining curcumin with prevention of vitamin C against the toxic effects of cypermethrin. Method: Four groups of ten male rats each, –ve control, +ve control group (200 mg curcumin and 100 mg vit. C/ kg bw), cypermethrin alone (200 mg / Kg bw), and cypermethrin supplemented with the protective antioxidants orally intubated for 28 - days. Result: Oral cypermethrin induced a significant increase in MDA and PC in serum, liver and brain as the oxidant biomarkers. While the antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GSH or SH protein) were significantly decreases in serum and brain tissues. The phase II biotransformation GST was increased significantly in brain and liver tissues. ATPase activity declined significantly in brain tissue only. Conclusion: we can deduce that, cypermethrin induce oxidative stress in serum and organs tissues of male rats and the protective role curcumin and vit. C was more evident on serum, brain than liver.}, keywords = {cypermethrin,vitamin C and Curcumin (CMN). Rats}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_113976.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_113976_5b87307ebc7f6bf4efb38c7486a5ef32.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Barrania,}, title = {Laboratory Evaluation of Some Insecticides Against Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {119-125}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.114538}, abstract = {The toxicological effects of some insecticide mixtures             (chlorpyrifos, pyridalyl, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and methoxyfenozide), against the 3rd instar of Spodoptera larvae were evaluated.             The results indicated that, LC50 values for each insecticide were 12.44, 0.88, 0.08, 0.16 and 3.35 mg L-1 respectively, and 0.458, 0.009, 0.0014 and 0.357 mg L-1 respectively.Also, the LC50 values of chlorpyrifos are increased by larvae weight increased. LC50 values of chlorpyrifos as a function of post-feeding initiation of Spodoptera larvae to pyridalyl, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and methoxyfenozide after two days (single exposure) were 1.33, 1.99, 0.74, and 0.37 mg L-1 respectively.             Therefore, post-feeding initiation of larvae to previous insecticides tremendously decreased LC50 values of chlorpyrifos.Also, the percent inhibition of AChE from Spodoptera head capsules by chlorpyrifos, pyridalyl, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and methoxyfenozide (LC10 equivalent concentrations) were 44.5, 23.4, 19.4, 33.5, and 15.4%, respectively.             The percent inhibition of AChE from Spodoptera head capsules by chlorpyrifos either pre-treatment or post-treatment with pyridalyl, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and methoxyfenozide were increased. This indicates that the toxic potential of these pesticides for the tested organism is greater when present in a mixture than in an individual. }, keywords = {Insecticides,Cotton leafworm,AChE}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_114538.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_114538_27389c435b644c374998e05d5fe843f3.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Ashry, Ramadan and Ali, Abdelhadi and Awad, Salonaz}, title = {Enhancing Application Efficiency of Pseudomonas SPP. and Serratia marcescens Isolates against Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato Plants.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {127-145}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.116752}, abstract = {To preserve environmental resources and ensure their sustainability, the search for natural and safe alternatives for controlling pests that attack crops is an urgent necessity. So, the feasibility evaluation of applying plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolates as self-reproducing bioagent in controlling root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita is needed, and compare their effect with traditional control methods in the laboratory and greenhouse. Obtained data revealed that egg masses hatching was inhibited by 64.51% when treated with Pseudomonas putida/fluorescens isolates, while, decreased to 39.34%with Serratia marcescens isolates treatment. While the larvicidal effect of Pseudomonas isolates was 99.34% and 88.36 in S. marcescens isolates treatments. The tested PGPB showed mediated ovicidal and larvicide lower than oxamyl and higher than composted cattle manure extract (CCME) with surpassing the larvicidal effect.              In the greenhouse experiment, all tomato growth parameters measurement data increased especially in treatments: the combination of PGPB isolates + CCM followed by P. putida/fluorescens + S. marcescens isolates then oxamyl treatment and the lowest increases were the CCM treatment. The inoculation of the tested PGPB isolates + CCM and oxamyl application reduced highly galling reduction percentage and reproduction (IJs/100 g soil) of M. incognita as compared withCCM with a percent reduction of 50.52% (86.07), 58.71% (77.78), and 24.99% (46.26), respectively. Therefore, the results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of mixing PGPB isolates with manure or its derivatives, better than the individual application of PGPB or manure. The inoculation of the tested PGPB isolates + CCM and oxamyl application reduced highly galling reduction percentage and reproduction (IJs/100 g soil) of M. incognita as compared withCCM with a percent reduction of 50.52% (86.07), 58.71% (77.78), and 24.99% (46.26), respectively. Therefore, the results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of mixing PGPB isolates with manure or its derivatives, better than the individual application of PGPB or animal manure.}, keywords = {control,Meloidogyne incognita,Pseudomonas spp,Serratia marcescens,composted cattle manure extract,Tomato}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_116752.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_116752_afe7aa7bc9c4a88b47402222a372f95b.pdf} } @article { author = {Shehawy, Ayman and Maklad, Amna and Mahmoud, Waleed and Filfilan, Wessam}, title = {Evaluation of Some Predatory Mites effect Against Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infesting Tomato Crop}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {247-159}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.117879}, abstract = {In order to maximize the sustainable development and minimize using of chemical insecticide and its hazards to the environment, the current study was designed to elucidate the possible predacious effect of some predatory mites namely; Neoseiulus californicus, Typhlodrompis swirskii, Neoseiulus cucumeris, Typhlodromus nigavi, Phytoseiulius persimilis and Vertemic/Egyxide oil combination against Bemisia tabaci, in two summer seasons of tomato cultivars, either as a single treatment or in combination in a 2-yr field study; August 2018 and August 2019 in complete randomized block design. The results indicated that the single treatment of T. swirskii and T. nigavi as well as Vertemic/Egyxide oil (1ml + 2.5 ml/ liter combination) recoded 95.83, 81.16, and 77.39 reduction percentages in B. tabaci population in the first season respectively, the general mean of B. tabaci in the two seasons was 0.598, 3.307 and 3.379 individual/leaflet respectively after treatment by T. swirskii and T. nigavi and Vertemic/Egyxide oil. Moreover, a single treatment of N. californicus and N. cucumeris had a weak reduction effect against B. tabaci. Meanwhile, P. persimilisreduction effect was non significantly different from the control. Whereas, in the case of combination treatment the results indicated that all combination treatment had a significant reduction effect against B. tabaci in the two seasons compared with the control in the two seasons. Our results indicated a considerable role of different predatory mites including; T. swirskii and T. nigavi as effective biological control agents or Vertemic/Egyxide oil combination against B. tabaci and can be useful in integrated management programs of B. tabaci pest.}, keywords = {Predatory mites,Bemisia tabaci,biological control}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_117879.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_117879_8b26d68bc256284158fcf28f3d88aa87.pdf} } @article { author = {Brhane, Tsehaye and Belay, Tesfay and Amare, Mizan}, title = {Field Evaluation of New Insecticides Against Cabbage Aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. on Cabbage in South Tigray, Ethiopia}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {161-166}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.118131}, abstract = {Cabbage aphid is attacks plants in the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), which includes such important crops such as oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., mustard, Sinapis (Brassica) alba (L.) and nigra (L.) and cabbage vegetables. Field experiments were conducted at Alamata Agricultural Research Center (AARC) during 2019 cropping season to evaluate and verification of insecticide on Cabbage aphid insects, and the corresponding yield of cabbage. The treatments (three insecticide treatments, including unsprayed plots as a control) were laid out in factorial arrangement in RCBD with three replications. The efficacy of Candidate and standard check were recorded 68.12% and 65.21%, respectively. Insecticide treatments significantly reduced the infestation of the insects. The lowest insect population and incidence values of 81.27% and 66.05% and 8.33% and 3.33% were recorded, when treated with lmida-win and Con-Fidence respectively. Candidate (lmida-win) and standard check (Con-Fidence) reduced cabbage aphid population by 94.6% and 91.2%, as compared to unsprayed plot. In conclusion, the results of the present studies revealed that lmida-win foliar spray was effective in reducing cabbage aphid infestation and increased yield. However, more extensive studies are recommended for developing better management of cabbage aphid through integration of insecticide spray schedules and cultivars to enhance sustainable cabbage production in Ethiopia.}, keywords = {aphid,cabbage,Efficacy,insect,population}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_118131.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_118131_6ca4e787031a3cd513184206fcc65740.pdf} } @article { author = {Ismail, Fatma, and El Sharkawy, A. and Farghaly, D. and Ammar, Mona, and El Kady, Enayat,}, title = {Population Fluctuation and Influence of Different Management Practices Against Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) on Cucumber Plant Under Greenhouse Condition.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {167-174}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.119103}, abstract = {The population fluctuation of  Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) studied on winter plantation of cucumber plant  Cucumis sativus L.  of 2018/2019& 2019/2020 seasons under greenhouse condition at Giza governorate, Egypt and, the insecticidal activities of two heavy nano metals (cu++ & mg++) and two commercial oils (camphor& Piper nigrum), its concentrations compared with recommended bio-insecticide (biofly) and recommended chemical insecticide (actara)  were evaluated against B. tabaci (eggs & immature stages). The high infestation were in 2nd week of November and 2nd week of December with 428 eggs/10 leaves & 390 nymphs/10 leaves, respectively in season 2018 /2019, and recoded highly infestation in 2nd and 4th week of November with 390 eggs/10 leaves & 423 nymphs/10 leaves, respectively in the season 2019/2020.  Camphor oil was the most effective with mortality percent 97.6% followed by Piper nigrum oil (93.6%) compared with chemical insecticide (actara).}, keywords = {greenhouse,population fluctuation,Management Practices,Heavy nanometal,commercial oils,Chemical insecticide,Bemisia tabaci,Piper nigrum,camphor,and Cucumis sativus}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_119103.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_119103_ff13c3c00c536549a6edb735a9051fa3.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Hindy, and Dar, Rehab; and El-Genaidy, Mervat,}, title = {Proposed Egyptian Standard of Spraying Application of Pesticide and its Alternatives on Certain Orchard Pests}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {175-188}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.119972}, abstract = {Modern application techniques ensure that Pesticide reaches the target in satisfactory coverage and therefore reduces losses and environmental pollution. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization FAO / UN (2001) safety and quality standards for pesticide sprayers do not exist in all countries and even the existing standards for this type of equipment are often inappropriate for many countries.    The present study is specified for orchards which could be considered as a nationalized version of the international standards applied already in the developed countries after re-adaptation to our local conditions, orchard varieties, climatic and social conditions, etc.   This investigation depends on local data about this subject were collected by means of questionnaires covering five governorates in the delta and upper Egypt. The second part is the proposed standard and recommendations supporting the bio-efficacy of best control in a clean environment.   The standard was divided from the general scheme of work to be followed strictly by the pest control team in order to a chive the required satisfactory results and explanatory guidelines, consists of four parts: 1- Legislation of the pesticides, spraying techniques; 2- Determination and adjustment of proper spray parameters and calibration;  3- Technical requirement of sprayer/atomizer and test procedure and 4- Obligatory (compulsory) check of the spraying machines and its components as, well the assisting ground services. The most important recommendation to achieve satisfactory pest control results is to take immediate and serious action towards the official legislation of the whole aspect of the spraying application techniques used in Egypt, which include:   Certification of spraying machines, licensing of the applicator, and obligatory checks on spraying operation and machine performance; to define and adjust proper spray parameters capable to give the required optimum coverage on the treated fruit trees.}, keywords = {Modern application techniques,Orchards pests,Spray quality,Pesticides,Local questionnaires Explanatory guidelines}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_119972.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_119972_641f65361116e764e70c1ff41c787a3d.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Gharib, and El-Hassawy, Mahmoud, and Ali, Fouad,}, title = {Evolution of Resistance to Chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin Insecticides against Culex Pipiens Populations}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {189-201}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.122318}, abstract = { The susceptibility of Culex pipiens larvae collected from Al-Asher of Ramadan, Sharkia Governorate, to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides was investigated for 20 successive generations. For multiple generations, the instar larvae of field parent strain were exposed to LC30 of the previous generation to that insecticide. Total protein and lipids content as well as activities of detoxifying enzymes (i.e. acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterases and glutathione-S-transferase) were determined in each generation. Bioassay tests showed that larval Cx. pipiens developed 144.31 and 761.85-fold resistance to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, after 20 successive generations of selected pressure. Total protein content declined while total lipids increased gradually with proceeded the generations. In general, the activities of detoxifying enzymes increased gradually with raising generation numbers which indicate that the increased resistance is likely to be associated with the increased activity of target and metabolic enzyme systems.}, keywords = {Culex pipiens,Chemical insecticide,Insecticides resistance,Enzymes}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_122318.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_122318_ce5eeec75088f0da904bdf6340c9d34f.pdf} } @article { author = {Taha, Mai and Baioumy Ali, Asmaa}, title = {The First Study for The Acaricidal Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Adiantum capillus-veneris and Funaria hygrometric against Argas persicus}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {203-217}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.123449}, abstract = {The present study was conducted to investigate the acaricidal activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of two Cryptogams plants, namely Adiantum capillus-veneris (fern plant) and Funaria hygrometrica (moss plant) at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) on semi-fed females of Argas persicus (away from their hosts) collected from the field. The percentages of mobile, immobile, and dead females were recorded two-day intervals for 30 days after treatment with all extracts assayed at different concentrations, using the dipping method. The results indicated that all extracts at different concentrations caused a significant decrease in the percentages of mobile ticks and a significant increase in the percentages of dead ones when compared with the control. The acaricidal efficacy of A. capillus-veneris and F. hygrometrica extracts may be attributed to their contents of many active phytochemical constituents that having high potential against ticks. At the highest concentration (4%), the percentage of tick mortality for methanolic extract was more efficient than ethanolic one for both plants recording 100% efficiency for A. capillus-veneris and 50% for F. hygrometrica. So, we recommended using A. capillus-veneris methanolic extract at 4% as a herbal pesticide against A. persicus which have all characters of ideal pesticides; effective (100% acaricidal activity), easily available, cheap, biodegradable (eco-friendly), and do not cause mammalian toxicity.}, keywords = {Ticks. Argas persicus. Adiantum capillus,veneris. Funaria hygrometrica. Acaricidal activity}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_123449.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_123449_cfdfa4fb719e9f1f615330b057f2927a.pdf} } @article { author = {Zohry, Nasra and Ali, Salwa and Ibrahim, Abdelwahab}, title = {Toxicity of Ten Native Edible and Essential Plant Oils Against the Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {219-227}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.124238}, abstract = {The comparative toxicity of ten selected native essential and edible oils was assessed against S. granarius. The oils used are black seed oil (Nigella sativa), Sesame oil (Sesamum indicum), olive oil (Olea europaea), Peppermint oil (Mentha piperita), Basil Oil (Ocimum basilicum), orange oil (Citrus sinensis), Rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis), Clove oil (Dianthus caryophyllus), Garlic oil (Allium sativum), and Cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). Different concentrations of oils were mixed with wheat grains and provided for adults in test tubes. Mortalities were recorded for 3 days post-treatment. The overall results showed that Garlic oil was the most toxic and Rosemary was the least toxic among both edible and essential oils.  A direct correlation was found between oil dose and percent mortality of adults under all exposure periods.  The recorded values of LC50 and the toxicity index showed that Sesame oil was the most toxic edible oil followed by Black seed and Olive oils.  The essential oils used can be arranged in descending order according to their toxicities to S. granarius adults as follows: Garlic > clove > Cinnamon > Basil > Orange > Peppermint> Rosemary. All the fixed and essential oils used, demonstrated satisfactory activity and proved to be promising as control agents of S. granaries and consequently other similar stored product insects. Some oils were highly toxic at low concentration and short exposure time; whereas some oils might be required in higher concentrations and longer exposure time to achieve satisfactory control of the insects.}, keywords = {Sitophilus granarius,oils,Insecticidal effects,Stored products}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_124238.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_124238_e0e006ecc1c1e121f3235994d9bd605a.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Massoud, and Sharshar, A. and Abd-El-Salam, M. and Nada, I. and Kordy, A.}, title = {Influence of Some Weed Control Treatments on The Yield and Quality of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {229-240}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.124439}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted during two successive summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 cotton crop (Gossypium barbadense L.) Giza 94 was planted. Eigh treatments + control were evaluated to demonstrate the effect of herbicides on the density of weeds and the morphological characteristics of weeds and cotton. Moreover, all weed control significantly decreased weeds parameters and increased yield components in both seasons. Also, gave ahighly significant increase in seed cotton yield (Kantar/Fadden). The highest values were obtained with stomp ®+ hand howing (45 DAP) and hand hoeing twice ( 30, 45 DAP) during two seasons (12.32a, 11.62a) and (11.9  a, 10.9  ab ). From obtainingresults the highest effect on fresh and dry weight weeds decreased with the stomp ®+ hand howing (45 DAP) and hand howingtwice (30, 45 DAP). These practices gave the highest reduction in weeds density and increased cotton.}, keywords = {Gossypium barbadense L,weed control}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_124439.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_124439_448b7d335345c30b62d29c3d1a2abeb3.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Raddy and E., Korrat}, title = {Nematicidal Activity of Acetylsalicylic Acid Comparing With Oxamyl Against Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato Plants.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {241-247}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.127980}, abstract = {The nematicidal activity of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) was investigated against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results of the laboratory experiment showed that ASA exhibited nematicdal activity against 2nd stage juveniles of nematode with a LC50 value of 150.43 ppm. In the greenhouse experiment, the effect of ASA at three concentrations was tested against root-knot nematode on tomato plants in comparison with oxamyl nematicide as standard treatment. All plants were examined to assess disease severity based on the number of galls per root, egg masses per root, developmental stage within the root system, and average of eggs number per egg mass as well as plant growth characteristics were estimated. The results showed that all tested treatments reduced tomato root galling significantly compared with the untreated treatment. The numbers of galls/root system were (6.33, 12.67, 18.67, and 28.67) for the treatments of oxamyl and 300, 200 and 100 ppm of ASA, respectively, compared with  the untreated check (113) and the other parameter were in the same trend. All treatments increased shoot and root weights and lengths compared with the untreated check. In conclusion, ASA has nematicidal activity to suppress root-knot nematode infection in tomato plants. Thus, this approach could be a safe alternative to use chemical nematicides for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes.}, keywords = {ASA,SA,Root-knot nematodes,Tomato}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_127980.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_127980_242a81c8b96eed963fa9b483a82bf8da.pdf} } @article { author = {Adly, Ayman,}, title = {Evaluation of Two Insect Growth Regulator Activities on Egg and Larvae of Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {249-256}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.130345}, abstract = {Under the laboratory conditions, toxicological evaluation of the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of two IGRs compounds; Triflumuron and Hexaflumuron against eggs or 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars larvae of Earias insulana (Boisd.). Also, some biological effects of these compounds on larvae, pupae treated as eggs were studied. In addition, some biochemical assays for protein, lipid, N- acytel-glucceamine and chitinase activity of E. insulana larvae were estimated           The results showed that Hexaflumuron was the most toxic IGR than triflumuron against eggs and larval stages of E. insulana. Eggs (1-3 days old) treated with Triflumuron had LC25 and LC50s values(9.42 and 41.6 ppm). In contrast, It’s had appeared a high susceptibility with Hexaflumuron, the LC25 value decreased to 7.3 ppm, while LC50values had a highly decreased to 19.7 ppm. While treated the first and second instars larvae of E. insulana had highly susceptible to Triflumuron and Hexaflumuron compounds than 3rd and 4th instar larvae. All stages of E. insulana had less susceptible to Triflumuron than Hexaflumuron treatments.            The obtained results cleared that increase in times required for larval and pupal developmental stages treated as eggs (1-3 days old) of E. insulana treatment with Triflumuron and Hexaflumuron.            E. insulana larvae treatment with Triflumuron and Hexaflumuron had a highly reduction in the total soluble protein contents to 21.99 and 16.9 (mg/g.b.wt), respectively, compared with the control (32.5 mg/g.b.wt) with high decrease in the total lipid content that estimated by 20.6 and 14.6 (mg./ g.b.wt), respectively compared to 27.3 (mg./g. b.wt) in control. On the other hand, both of compounds occurred reduction in N- acytel - glucoseamine to 109 and 99 (µg NAGA /g. b.wt) compared to 171.5 (µg NAGA /g. b.wt) in control that led to increase the chitinase activity to 623.43 and 857.3 (µg NAGA x103/min/g.b.wt /larvae) compared to 560.2 (µg NAGA x103/min/g.b.wt / larvae) in control.}, keywords = {Earias insulana,Triflumuron,Hexaflumuron,toxicity,biology,biochemical}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_130345.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_130345_1bfde07dc0b3b6d4dcb33abc28e0ceaa.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-Ella, Aly}, title = {Toxicity and Field Efficiency of Certain Insecticides Against the Subterranean Termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {257-267}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.133369}, abstract = {The subterranean termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)is considered one of the most dangerous termites in urban, rural and agricultural areas in the desert belt of Assiut governorate, Egypt. Organophosphate insecticides such as chlorpyrifos have been recommended to control subterranean termites in Egypt. The present research was conducted to evaluate the toxicity, persistency and effectiveness of chlorpyrifos (chlorzan 48% EC), imidacloprid (imidammex 70% WG), chlorantraniliprole (coragen 20% SC), indoxacarb (avaunt 15% EC) and spinosad (tracer 24% SC) against subterranean termites. The toxicity of these insecticides was tested against field strain of the subterranean termites using the cardboard dip-bioassay technique under laboratory conditions. The toxicity index after 12 and 24 hr exposure showed that chlorpyrifos has the highest termiticidal activity, with LC50s 1.19 and 0.13 ppm, followed by imidacloprid with LC50s 3.24 and 0.61 ppm, while spinosad was the least toxic one with LC50s.9.96 and 4.95 ppm. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole registered significantly high percent reduction of the infested rural homes by subterranean termite, P. hypostoma, while indoxacarb and spinosad recorded the lowest reduction percentage after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of treatment. In addition, the efficiency and residual effects of chlorpyrifos persisted up to 120 days followed by imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole after treatment. Results of this study indicated that, chlorpyrifos exhibited the most powerful pesticide among all the insecticides tested, and imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole were highly effective and it is given as unique and hopeful trends against subterranean termites under field conditions.}, keywords = {Subterranean termite,Insecticides,toxicity,Field evaluation,stability}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133369.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133369_ddcde7a3f17952e7dd42011ed51f5555.pdf} } @article { author = {Elrehewy, Eman and Nashed, Nagy and El-Banna, Heba}, title = {The Efficiency of The Parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. Against Some Date Pests}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {269-275}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.133370}, abstract = {The date palm tree and its fruits are attacked by several pests that are well adapted to the Egyptian environment that can cause a loss in yield ranged between 30-70%. To control these pests, chemical insecticides were intensively used. However, using chemical insecticides cannot be reliable and safe for long-term pest management solutions because of many serious problems, such as high economic cost, negative impact on the environment and human health, and some pests develop resistance towards them. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of releasing the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescenes, against some date palm fruits at Al Mansoureyah, Imbaba, Giza Governorate, Egypt during two successive growing season, 2018 and 2019. Two traditional chemicals were also used, Pyriban and sulfur. The results showed the successful release of the parasitoid as the high reduced infestation rate observed during the growing seasons 2018 and 2019 compared to conventional methods. So, T. evanescenes is a successful and reliable control method to be used on long- and short-term strategy.}, keywords = {Trichogramma evanescence,date palm trees,date fruits}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133370.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133370_131944dc5bd45320511a61e904a69c1d.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Anter, and El-Hassawy, Mahmoud and Abou-Donia, S. and Abdelmonem, A.}, title = {Comparison between the Effectiveness of Certain Insecticides and Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Tortoise Beetle, Cassida vittata (Vill.) in Sugar Beet Fields and Their Side Effects on Coccinella undecimpunctata}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {277-287}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.133371}, abstract = {The tortoise beetle, Cassida vittata (Vill.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is considered the most serious pest on Sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae), in Egypt. Field evaluation of eight insecticides: chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, lufenuron, methomyl, carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos,spinetoram and abamectin comparing with two strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, (EPNs): Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (H88) and Steinernema carpocapsae (S2) against larvae and adults of the C. vittata and their side effects onCoccinella undecimpunctatawas the main goal of this wark,  inhabiting sugar beet fields during 2017 and 2018 sugar beet growing seasons at a field in Biyala, Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Data obtained revealed that chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan and thiamethoxam were the most efficient compounds against larvae and adults of C. vittata. However, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, abamectin and methomyl demonstrated a moderate toxic effect. Moreover, lufenuron was nontoxic. Also, data showed that a low effect of entomopathogenic nematodes against C. vittata and safe on C. undecimpunctata. Whereas, all tested insecticides significantly reduced the populationof C. undecimpunctata except lufenuron. }, keywords = {Cassida vittata (Vill.),chlorantraniliprole,thiamethoxam,lufenuron,Methomyl,Carbosulfan,chlorpyrifos,Spinetoram,Abamectin,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (H88) and Steinernema carpocapsae (S2)}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133371.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133371_fc3cf25714c0c18fed9a7d5688b938ce.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Aiad and M., Abdallah, and A., Ebrahim,}, title = {Biological Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch and Aphis gossypii Glover Using the Phytoseiid Mite Neoseiulus californicus (Mcgregor) on Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) in Under greenhouse}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {289-294}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2020.133372}, abstract = {Neoseiulus californicus was released in three levels 10, 20, 30 against T.urticae and A.gossypii separately and compared their percentage reduction in case exist together on the same host. The percentage reduction of N.californicus under the area in greenhouse cultivated with phaseolus vulgaris and infested withT.urticae only at the level of releasing 10 individuals per plot were 11.5, 21.6, 33.8, 35 and 39.5 compared with 12.3, 26, 41.8, 47.7 and 58.7 from the plot infested with T.urticae and A.gossypii together.           The data revealed that the percentage reduction as a result of N.californicus release against A.gossypii only at level of releasing 10 individuals per plot were 9, 21.9, 35.6, 37 and 42.8 compared with 15.7, 20.7, 28.8, 29.3 and 36 from the plot infested with T.urticae and A.gossypii together on of the same host plant. Also the percentage reduction of A.gossypii at levels of releasing 20 and  30 individuals per plot were 14.2 , 31.3 , 39.5 , 44.3 , 55.9  and 14 , 43.8 , 47.4 , 60 and 72 , respectively compared with 16.3 , 20.6 , 40 , 41.2 and 51.5 , 15.7 , 25.5 , 55 , 62.5 and 72.6when A.gossypii was with T.urticae on of the same host plant. N. californicus has proved to be a promising candidate for biological control of T.urticae and A.gossypii. The percentage reduction of the predator mite is higher when the two previous pests occurred together on the same host plant than separately.}, keywords = {Neoseiulus colifornicus,Aphis gossypii,Bean,Phaseolus vulgaris}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133372.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_133372_18c6dee6acc5c51144590fd34ea7abe8.pdf} }