Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Efficacy Of Some Pesticides Against Piercing-Sucking Pests and Associated Predators on Cucumis sativus (L.) and Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (L.) Plants in Sharkia Province, Egypt.1122272310.21608/eajbsf.2018.22723ENHegab M. E. M.A.Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgypEman M.Abd-ElAzeemPlant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgypJournal Article20181224 Field experiments were conducted in the Shubak-Basta village Sharkia province, Egypt on the Cucumber, (<em>Cucumis sativus</em> L.) and Cucumis, (<em>Cucumis melo</em> var. <em>flexuosus</em> L.) to study the effect of pesticides i.e. (Thiamethoxam, Melbimectine and Pyredaben) against the piercing-sucking pests encompass; (the aphids, <em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glov., the thrips, <em>Thrips</em> <em>tabaci</em> Lind., whitefly,<em> Bemisia tabaci</em> Genn., the leafhoppers, <em>Empoasca</em> spp., the green stink bug, <em>Nezara veredula</em> L. in addition to the spider mite, <em>Tetranychus</em> spp. and side effects against associated predators ladybird beetle, <em>Coccinella</em> spp., aphid lion<em>, Chrysoperla</em> <em>carnea</em> Steph. and true spiders during 2017 and 2018 seasons. The results revealed that the tested compounds recorded the high initial reduction 100.00% in all the tested pests on Cucumber and Cucumis plants. Thiamethoxam compound (1<sup>st</sup> spray) was more effective on the <em>T. tabaci</em>, <em>Empoasca</em> spp., <em>A. gossypii</em> and<em> Tetranychus</em> spp. during the two seasons on Cucumber and Cucumis plants while, the Melbimectine compound (2<sup>nd</sup> spray) was more effective on all treated pests as the initial effect in Cucumber and Cucumis plants, while the high annual mean reduction was varied in values according to the crop and pest tested during the two seasons. It was also found that the Pyridabin compound (3<sup>rd</sup> spray) had a significant impact on the tested pests and on the two crops. In the case of the effect on predators, the results showed that 1<sup>st</sup> spray, 2<sup>nd</sup> spray and 3<sup>rd</sup> spray of the tested compounds caused had a significant effect on associated predators. The annual mean reduction was 97.35, 75.95% for thrips and leafhoppers in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> spray and 100.00% for the whitefly and leaf hoppers in the 3<sup>rd</sup> spray on the Cucumber plants while in the Cucumis plants had the highest annual mean reduction of the tested pesticides 74.82, 65.76% on the aphids and whitefly insects in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> spray and 100.00% on leafhoppers in the 3<sup>rd</sup> spray in 2017 season. The results showed that the annual mean reduction of the three sprays was 100.00% in the 1<sup>st</sup> spray on the green stink bug and 100.00 % in the 2<sup>nd</sup> spray on the aphids, third, leafhoppers and mites while in the 3<sup>rd</sup> spray, the highest annual mean reduction of 89.78% in the 2018 season on the thrips in Cucumber plants. In the case of the effect of three sprays on insect piercing-sucking pests in the Cucumis plants, the highest annual mean reduction was 92.04, 100.00 and 65.97% for the three spray on the thrips. The seasonal mean of the three sprayers on the Cucumber plants caused the highest percentage of the decrease in the number of piercing-sucking pests where it was 78.98, 78.24 and 73.85% on the thrips, leafhoppers and whiteflies in 2017 season. In the 2018 season, the highest seasonal mean of the three sprayers recorded on the Cucumis plants were 74.82, 72.18 and 66.13% on the aphids, leafhoppers and whitefly numbers in 2017 season. But in 2018 season the seasonal mean of the three sprayers on the Cucumber plants caused the highest percentage of the decrease in the number of piercing-sucking pests where it was 100.00, 96.33, 86.58, 84.99 and 76.69% on green stink bug, leafhoppers, thrips and mites numbers in 2018 season. Incase of Cucumis plants, the highest seasonal mean of the three sprayers recorded were 86.00, 80.59 and 80.28 % on the thrips, green stink bug and mites numbers in 2018 season. The effect of the three sprayers on the tested predators as seasonal mean of reduction on the Cucumber plants caused the highest percentage of the decrease in the number of predators where it was 100.00, 79.23 and 70.37 % & 85.21, 66.11 and 63.02 % on aphid lion, lady bird beetle and true spider numbers in 2017 season in the two crops. While in the second season, the seasonal mean of the three sprayers on the Cucumber plants caused the highest percentage of the decrease in the number of predators where it were 89.67, 84.78 and 79.17 % on aphid lion, lady bird beetle and true spiders numbers in 2018 season. While in case of the effect of three tested sprayers on predators in Cucumis plants were 89.25, 57.75 and 47.79 % reduction on lady bird beetle, aphid lion and true spiders numbers, respectivelyEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Some Field Applications for Controlling Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera;Gelechiidae) in Egypt13242272410.21608/eajbsf.2018.22724ENBadran A.B.Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC),
Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt.Mona N.WahbaPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC),
Dokki 12618, Giza, EgyptMona I.AmmarPlant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC),
Dokki 12618, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181224The tomato leafminer, <em>Tuta absoluta</em> (Meyrick), is one of the key pests of tomato crop in Egypt. Chemicalcontrol and essential aromatic oils had been the main method of controlling it. However, the study aims to evaluated chemical pesticide, essential aromatic oils (Garlic, Dill) and mineral oil alone and in binary mixtures, to identify their impact on the population densities of <em>T. absoluta</em> insect pest as well as their effects on the yield of tomato. The results showed that during the two seasons 2017 and 2108, the leafminer, <em>T. absoluta</em> recorded three generations in both seasons. When using chemical pesticide, essential aromatic oils (Garlic, Dill) and mineral oil alone and in binary mixtures found highly significant differences between the thirteen tested compounds. The pest control were using 4cm Coragen 20% SC / 25cm mineral oil, 3cm Coragen 20% SC / 25cm mineral oil, 4cm Voliam Flexi 40% WG / 25cm mineral oil and 40cm Dill oil / 25cm mineral oil showed highly mortality .the low effect was using 20cm Garlic oil / 25cm mineral oil.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Toxicological and Biological Effects of some Synthetic Organic Compounds on Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Sound.) and Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis ((Boisd.) Laboratory Strains23342272510.21608/eajbsf.2018.22725ENEL-Tahawe H.S.Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptShahawy W.A.Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptHegab M. E.M.Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181224Laboratory experiments have been conducted in the Plant Protection Research Institute (Sharkia Branch) Bollworms Research Department to evaluate the effect of to study the toxic and biological effects of three synthetic organic compounds<strong>, </strong>pyrazole: (<strong>A=</strong> 3-amino-5-hydrazino-4- phenyl azo -1<em>H</em>-pyrazole<strong>, B=</strong> 3-hydrazino-4- phenyl azo -5-hydroxy-1<em>H</em>-pyrazole and <strong>C=</strong> 1-(5-hydroxy-4- phenyl azo -1<em>H</em>-pyrazole-3-yl ) 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole) against the 1<sup>st</sup> instar larvae of pink bollworm, <em>Pectinophora gossypiella</em> (Sound.) and 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of cotton leafworm, <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Boisd.) under constant conditions of (26± 1ºC. and 70 ± 5% R.H.). Data revealed that syntheticpyrazole compounds had highly toxic effect against newly hatched larvae of pink bollworm followed by 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em>S. littoralis</em>. On the other hand, the latent effects of the pyrazoles compounds on the two insects species were presented in increasing the duration of larval and pupal stages, Significantly decreased on larval and pupal weight of the two insects, male and female longevities and also reduced the fecundity, While the highest reduction in laid eggs recorded 103.83 eggs/female in pink bollworm followed by 123.33 eggs/female for 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em>S. littoralis</em> as compared with 287.25 egg/female for pink bollworm and 503.33 & 663.33 egg/female with untreated control, Also, results showed the tested chemical compounds on the hatchability rate caused decreased significantly with <em>P. gossypiella</em> recorded 61.48 % with compound (A) & 55.57 ,68.21 % reduction in 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae of <em>S. littoralis</em> compared 88.00% for untreated moths of <em>P. gossypiella</em> and 63.00 , 97.47 % in 2<sup>nd</sup>, and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae for untreated moths of <em>S. littoralis</em>, respectivelyEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Efficacy of Artemisia judaica Extract and Certain Insecticides against Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)35522272610.21608/eajbsf.2018.22726ENWael M.KhamisDept. of Cotton Pesticides Bioassay Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Al Sabhia, Alexandria, EgyptDoaa A.FaragDept. of Cotton Pesticides Bioassay Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria, EgyptShadySelimDept. of Pesticides Formulation, Central Agriculture Pesticide Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20181224Toxicity, feeding indices and residual efficacies of ethanol extract of<em> Artemisia judaica </em>and some synthetic insecticides were investigated alone and in combinations against 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae of <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. The LC<sub>50</sub>s of chromafenozide, fipronyl, and pyridalyl were (0.025 and 0.016 mg L<sup>-1</sup>), (0.140 and 0.065 mg L<sup>-1</sup>), and (0.127 and 0.012 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) at 72 and 96 hrs, respectively. <em>A. judaica</em> extracts had LC<sub>50</sub>s (9482.99 and 2839.30 mg L<sup>-1</sup>), LC<sub>25</sub>s (3011.15 and 706.82 mg L<sup>-1</sup>), and LC<sub>10</sub>s (1072.27 and 202.19 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) at 72 and 96 hrs, respectively. GC-MS analysis of this extract included fatty acids (51.5 %), eucalyptol (3.64 %), tetraneurin-A (2.84 %), coumarin (2.08 %) and flavone (0.81 %). All treatments submitted tests of anti-feedant activity, relative consumption rate, relative growth rate, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food were more affected at 96 hrs of exposure. In the laboratory, potentiation effects appeared in binary mixtures of for chromafenozide (LC<sub>50</sub>) with <em>A. judaica</em> (LC<sub>10</sub>) with CTFs (21.74 and 20.83) and with <em>A. judaica</em> (LC<sub>25</sub>) (42.11 and 23.33) after 72 and 96 hrs of exposure, respectively. Fipronyl (LC<sub>50</sub>) + <em>A. judaica </em>(LC<sub>25</sub>)had additive effects with CTFs of -17.24 and 6.67 after 72 and 96 hrs of exposure, respectively. Oppositely, fipronyl (LC<sub>50</sub>) + <em>A. judaica </em>(LC<sub>10</sub>)and all mixtures of pyridalyl + <em>A. judaica</em> had antagonistic effects. The highest overall mean mortality over 16 days in semi-field experiments of the 2<sup>nd</sup> instar larvae exposed 96 hrs to <em>A. judaica </em>(706.82 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) tank mixed with 0.5 FRs of fibronil and chromafenozide were (77.00 and 64.00 %) and (75.50 and 68.50 %) in seasons of 2017 and 2018, respectively. The residual efficacies of these mixtures possessed prolonged times and higher toxicity compared to their FR alone. The insecticidal roles related to phyto-components of this extract were discussed. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Disinfestation of Stored-Grains with Tribolium castaneum by Using Joint Action of Gamma Radiation and some Essential Oils53682272710.21608/eajbsf.2018.22727ENEl-Gizawy K.Kh.Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric. Moshtohor, Benha Univ., EgyptMehany A.L.Plant Research Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abozaabal, EgyptHassan R.S.Biological Applications Dept., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abozaabal, EgyptJournal Article20181224Management of stored-grain insects using gamma radiation could be enhanced by other feasible control methods such as essential oils as potential alternatives to chemical insecticides. This work was carried out to find the effect of two essential oils rosemary) <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> L.(and cinnamon(<em>Cinnamomum aromaticum</em>( and /or gamma radiation doses separately on <em>Tribolium castaneum </em>adult's mortality and the combined effect of gamma radiation doses and at LC<sub>50</sub>of each essential oil (based on Probit analysis) on adult's mortality. The insects were subjected to five radiation doses (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 GY), then exposed to the LC<sub>50</sub>’s from each essential oil and its effect on certain biological aspects of <em>T. castaneum</em>. The mortality rate was increased in the combined treatments of (LD<sub>50</sub>of gamma radiation and LC<sub>50</sub>of the two essential oils) more than any of the separate treatments. The additive effect was more detectable when higher doses of gamma radiation were combined with LC<sub>50</sub> of either of the two essential oils. From the mentioned results, the mortality effect of the essential oils against stored grain pests can be enhanced by its combining with gamma radiation. As well, the results showed that the combination experiments caused significant reduction in the number of eggs deposited per female, hatchability percentage of eggs, total larval duration, the pupal period and total developmental period, while the pre-oviposition period and incubation period of eggs were obviously increased. From the mentioned results, the insecticidal effectiveness of the essential oils against stored grain pests can be enhanced by combining the oil treatments with gamma radiation.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201A general Mechanistic Model of Bromate Cytotoxicity Mediated by DNA Damage69792272810.21608/eajbsf.2018.22728ENMahmoud I.ShoulkamyDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, EgyptHiroshiIdeDepartment of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science,
Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanJournal Article20181224Potassium bromide (KBrO<sub>3</sub>) is widely used in bread production, cosmetics and water disinfection. KBrO<sub>3</sub> is a DNA oxidizing agent that induces base modifications as 8-Oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), also induces chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei and γH2AX foci which are the endpoints of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Therefore, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of KBrO<sub>3</sub> are mainly related to DNA damage. Conversely, the role of DNA damage in the cytotoxic effects of KBrO<sub>3</sub> has been poorly understood in conjunction with that of protein damage. Herein, we illustrated the cytotoxic effects of KBrO<sub>3 </sub>through DNA damage-dependent and DNA damage-independent mechanisms. For this proof of concept, we analyzed the sensitivity of DNA repair-proficient and –deficient cells and subsequently measure DNA and protein damage after treatment with KBrO<sub>3</sub>. Our results show that the DNA repair genes <em>DNA-PKcs, XRCC3</em> and <em>RAD51D</em> are strongly required for cell survival and essential to alleviate the cytotoxic effect of KBrO<sub>3</sub>. The quantitative analysis of DSBs upon treatment with KBrO<sub>3</sub> shows a significant increase in the yields of DSBs suggesting that DSBs are critical DNA damage induced by KBrO<sub>3</sub> and accounts for DNA damage-dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, thioredoxin 1 oxidation was not observed upon treatment with potassium bromide, strongly exclude the involvement of DNA damage-independent cytotoxicity based on protein damage. Based on the current findings we suggested a mechanistic model of bromate cytotoxicity that is mediated by DNA but not protein damage<strong>.</strong>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Effect of some Essential Oils Against Green Leafhopper, Empoasca decipiens Paoli (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)81872508010.21608/eajbsf.2018.25080ENWessam Z.AzizPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptWalaa A.TawfikPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptEman A.ShehataPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptHananAlfyPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190117This study aimed to evaluate the effect of menthol oil, camphor oil and their mixture against the green leafhopper, <em>Empoasca decipiens</em> Paoli (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in laboratory and estimation of LC<sub>90 </sub>to apply it under semi-field condition. The results showed that the mixture of the two oils was more effective than each essential plant oil alone where LC<sub>50</sub> was 37.86 ppm while it was 182.34 ppm and 242.80 ppm for menthol oil and camphor oil, respectively. LC<sub>90 </sub>values were 463.12 ppm, 962.36 ppm and 1128.05 ppm for the mixture, menthol oil, and camphor oil, respectively. When LC<sub>90 </sub>was applied in the semi-field experiment, also the mixture of camphor and menthol oil was the most effective than each plant oil alone which recorded 50% mortality while menthol oil recorded 41.03 % and camphor oil recorded 35.90%.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Resistance of Tetranychus uraticae Koch to Some Compounds in Cotton Fields and Biochemical Resistance Mechanisms89972612110.21608/eajbsf.2018.26121ENMadeha E.H.El-DewyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181115The field populations of the two-spotted spider mite<em>, Tetranychus uraticae</em> Koch were collected from cotton fields at Sakha Agric. Res. Station Farm Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt in 2017 season. Five compounds belonged to different groups were assayed by the leaf disc dip technique to determine levels of resistance to these compounds in addition to the activity of some detoxification enzymes. The field populations of <em>T. uraticae</em> showed variation in susceptibility to tested compounds, abamectin was the most toxic one, while chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin were the least toxic against laboratory and field populations. Moreover, the resistance ratios of fenpyroximate exhibited the high resistance level, while abamectin exhibited moderate resistance. Lower resistance levels were observed for Chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos. Based on the susceptibility factor values, the tested compounds showed variation in susceptibility factor values, it’s were exhibited low effective which susceptibility factor values were more than 0.5. On the other hand, the specific activity of mixed function oxidase and carboxylesterase were higher in field populations than that in laboratory strain. In contrast, there is an insignificant difference in glutathione-s-transferase activity between field and laboratory strain. The obtained results could be used as a basis for future resistance T. uraticae monitoring program in cotton fieldsEgyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Effect of Dietary Curcumin on Heptorenal Afla-Toxicosis in Mice991103109110.21608/eajbsf.2018.31091ENHeba M. A.Abdelrazek-Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDalia W.ZeidanDepartment of Home and Economics, Nutrition and Food Science Branch, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, EgyptMohamed T. A.SolimanCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, p.o. Box 551, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Alaa Kh. A.Khodry-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptJournal Article20181119<span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">Mycotoxins contribute great adverse health concerns, especially on liver and kidney. The current study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of dietary curcumin on hepatorenal aflatoxicosis in mice. Thirty-two male albino mice 18-20 g were divided into 4 groups. Group I, is the control group received basal diet. Group II, received a basal diet with 2% curcumin. Group III, given a basal diet with added AFs (5 µg/kg). Group IV, co-administered AFs and curcumin at the same previous doses. All treatments continued for 4 weeks. Liver and kidney weights, as well as food conversion ratio (FCR), were determined. The serum levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and creatinine were estimated. Histopathological examination to liver and kidney was performed. AFs significantly increased FCR and liver weight than control. The levels of SOD and TAC significantly reduced in-group III while MDA and IL-6 increased than control. The levels of AST, ALT and creatinine were significantly (P<0.05) increased in AFs group meanwhile albumin was significantly reduced than control. Hepatic and renal tissue showed congestion, lymphocytic infiltrations and other retrogressive changes. The co-administration of curcumin with AFs significantly ameliorated the AFs induced adverse effects. Curcumin possesses antioxidant effect that ameliorated aflatoxicosis adverse effects on the kidney and liver.</span>Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Toxic Hematological Effects of Vespa orientalis Venom in the Rat, Rattus albus1111253650110.21608/eajbsf.2018.36501ENMohammed G. M.ZeariyaDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science (Boys), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptMohammed A. M.ShahatDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science (Boys), AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181120The pharmacological properties of <em>Vespa orientalis</em> venom and its toxicity against the mammalian albino rat, <em>Rattus albus</em> was studied by direct stinging or by using the venom sac homogenate. The degree of hemolysis and other hematological changes as induced by stinging or injection the rat, <em>Rattus albus</em> with venom sac homogenate (VSH) were investigated in-vivo. The results obtained showed that both stings and venom injection had toxic effects on the blood of rats, especially the multiple stings (3 or 4 stings) and high doses of VSH (6 and 12mg/1ml saline solution). These treatments evoked a significant decreased in WBCs, RBCs, HG and HCTs but a significant increase of PLTs indicating that <em>Vespa orientalis</em> venom has a hemolytic activity on the in-vivo rat blood.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Evaluation of the Biological Parameters of the Interaction the Parasitoid, Bracon brevicornis Wesmael (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) vs. Four Different Hosts under the No-Choice Situation1231326907410.21608/eajbsf.2018.69074ENMervat A.KandilPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza,EgyptAyman, M.AdlyPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza,EgyptAshraf F.AhmedPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza,EgyptMostafa A. M.ShalabyPlant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza,EgyptJournal Article20181127<em>Bracon brevicornis </em>Wesmael (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) is a generalist idiobiont ecto-parasitoid that parasitizes a wide range of Lepidoptera. In the present context, our study aimed to examine under laboratory conditions the effect of host size on the biological parameters of parasitoids <em>B. brevicornis</em> for efficient laboratory rearing of that parasitoid. Under the no-choice situation, we compared biological parameters of this parasitoid wasp on four host species belonging to the Lepidoptera, viz.<em> Pectinophora gossypiella </em>(Gelechiidae) and Earias insulana (Noctuidae) as small size hosts, <em>Helicoverpa armigera </em>(Noctuidae)and <em>Spodoptera littoralis </em>(Noctuidae) as large size hosts. The biological parameters of the parasitoid on <em>P. gossypiella or E. insulana</em> (Small size) in most case proved to have a significant effect on their egg-adult developmental stages compare to its interaction vs. H. armegra or <em>S</em>. <em>littoralis </em>host (large size). The hosting on <em>P. gossypiella </em>or <em>E. insulana</em> the parasitoid produced excellent paralyzing and parasitism capacities but this capacity was less efficient on large size hosts and they received a significantly lower number of eggs as compared to <em>H. armegra or S. littoralis </em>which they received a good number of eggs. No variation was observed considering the egg-to-adult development time of <em>B. brevincornis </em>parasitizing <em>P.gossypiella</em> (small size) and <em>S. littoralis</em> (large size), but the lowest egg-to-adult development time was observed on H. armegra (large size). The biochemical analysis showed that the larger size hosts contained more resources for the growing the parasitoid, this was reflected only on fecundity. The other biological parameters: hatchability, longevity, lifetime and the percentage of hosts producing parasitoid offspring and sex ratio were not dependent on host size regardless of parasitoid generation. The results indicate that the parasite's behaviour of <em>B.brevicornis</em> can develop under no-choice situation equally successfully on both small and large size host.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-079110220181201Phytochemical Analysis of Some Aqueous Leaf Extracts and Their Nematicidal Activity Against Meloidogyne incognita on Pepper13315112351210.21608/eajbsf.2018.123512ENAbdelhadi A. I.AliPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, EgyptRamadan M.El-AshryPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, EgyptMahmoud M.RamadanPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20181128Since chemical pesticides have numerous negative effects on the environment, the study aimed to evaluate thebionematicidal effect of aqueous leaf extracts of chinaberry, datura, marigold and oleander at concentrations 0.1 g/ml (10% <em>w/v</em>) on root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em> egg hatching and juvenile mortality <em>in vitro</em> besides <em>in vivo</em> efficiency of different rates and times of soil drenching application insuppress nematode infection progress on pepper plants.<br /> Phytochemical analysis of aqueous plant extracts revealed that the highest contents of flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins presented in chinaberry and marigold followed by oleander responsible for their highest effect as bionematicide, whereas the least content was found in datura extract. <br /> <em> In vitro</em>, the standard aqueous extract of marigold gained the highest ovicidal effect followed by datura then chinaberry and oleander and with percent, egg masses hatching inhibition 91.43, 59.78, 56.88, and 55.48% after 5 days of exposure, respectively. Marigold extract showed high hatching inhibition on treated egg masses even with half concentration (5 % <em>w/v</em>), with an increase in efficiency of other plant extracts against hatchability of free eggs.<br /> The descending order of plant extracts efficacy against J2 treated with 10 % (w/v) was marigold followed by oleander, datura and chinaberry recorded 75.60, 65.60, 54.20, and 52.20 % mortality, respectively after 5 days post-treatment and the larvicidal effect was directly proportioned to concentration and exposure time.<br /> <em> In vivo</em>, plant extracts significantly increased biomass of infected pepper plants and decreased reproduction of<em> M. incognita</em> as measured by IJs/100 g, egg masses numbers beside the number of galls and size as compared to the infected plants. Among this, oxamyl treatment surpassed composted chicken manure followed by marigold extract treatment. Twice application achieved significant amending plant growth and decreased nematode reproduction particularly in marigold extract treatment.