Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Laboratory bioassay of some entomopathogenic fungi on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).161754710.21608/eajbsf.2009.17547ENEl-Hawary F.M.Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre,
El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, EgyptAbd El-Salam A.M.E.Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre,
El-Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181025<strong> </strong> Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi products (i.e. Bio- Power (<em>Beauveria bassiana</em>), Bio-Catch (<em>Lecanicillium lecanii</em>) and Priority (<em>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</em>)) against <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> and <em>Agrotis ipsilon </em>larvae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Four different concentrations i.e. 0.125x10<sup>9</sup>, 0.25x10<sup>9</sup>, 0.5x10<sup>9</sup> and 1x10<sup>9 </sup>spores/ 1000ml D.W of each formulation were used against each pest under investigation and compared with control insects. The results obtained show that Bio- Power was the most effective product followed by Bio-Catch and Priority against <em>S. littoralis</em> 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae, whereas , the LC<sub>50,90 </sub>values were 0.2x10<sup>9</sup> and 1.5x10<sup>9</sup>, 0.22x10<sup>9</sup> and 4.6x10<sup>9</sup> , 0.44x10<sup>9</sup> and 4.7x10<sup>9</sup> , respectively. While in case of <em>A. ipsilon</em>, Priority was the most potent product followed by Bio- Power and Bio-Catch, whereas, the LC<sub>50,90</sub> values were 0.14x10<sup>9</sup> and 0.6x10<sup>9</sup>, 0.2x10<sup>9</sup> and 0.9x10<sup>9</sup> , 0.4x10<sup>9</sup> and 9.7x10<sup>9</sup> , respectively. Also, The results obtained show that percentage mortalities of treated third instar larvae of <em>S. littoralis </em>with Bio- Power<em>,</em> Bio-Catch and Priority were 87.5,72.5 and 67.5 %, respectively ,within 6.3,8.2 and 7.4 days at the highest concentration used (1x10<sup>9</sup> spores). However, The treated third instar larvae of <em>A. ipsilon</em> with Priority<em>, </em>Bio- Power and Bio-Catch achieved 100, 90.0 and 62.5 % mortality, respectively, within 5.3, 7.1and 3.9 days at concentration of 1x10<sup>9 </sup>spores. The different formulations had delayed effects, the percentage of pupae and adults emerged were significantly decreased with an increase in concentrations.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Biochemical studies of two forensically important insects in Egypt which had colonized rabbit carrions treated with organophosphorus compound7171754810.21608/eajbsf.2009.17548ENSawaby R.F.Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasiah, Cairo, EgyptAbd El-Bar M.M.Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasiah, Cairo, EgyptEl-Bermawy S.M.Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20181025The objective of this study is to elucidate the effect of Pirimiphos-methyl (Organophosphorus insecticide) on protein profile of insects that found in/above or around treated rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cunicullus domesticus</em> L.) carrions. Additionally, an esterase analysis was performed to clarify the effect of this insecticide on necrophagous insects. Biochemical studies were carried out on collected adult <em>Dermestes maculatus</em> De-Geer and pupae of <em>Chrysomya albiceps</em> (Weidemann) for their forensic importance. Four protein fractions observed only in the treated beetles and one unique band for the control group. Treated<em> Chrysomya</em> <em>albiceps</em> pupae exhibited 14 specific bands whereas two bands were only exhibited by the control. Genetic distances calculated for treated and control insects were 0.38 and 0.42 for adult <em>Dermestes maculatus</em> and pupae of <em>Chrysomya albiceps</em>, respectively. Variations in protein bands may be interpreted that some pesticides enhance the transcription of certain sequences which are probably related to resistance and /or detoxification mechanisms.
Esterase pattern analysis using α-naphthyl acetate reflected 4 characteristic bands for treated beetles. However, using β-naphthyl acetate yielded 4 specific bands for the control group. For <em>Chrysomya albiceps pupae,</em> conduction of α- naphthyl acetate yielded one common bandfor both treated and control groups and one specific band for the control group.Whereas, using of β- naphthyl acetate substrate yielded two common bands shared by both groups and one specific band for the control group. Forensically important insects such as <em>Chrysomya albiceps</em> Weidemann and<em> Dermestes maculatus</em> De-Geer have an active esterase system.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Changes in detoxifying enzymes and carbohydrate metabolism associated with spinetoram in two field-collected strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.)17261754910.21608/eajbsf.2009.17549ENNedal M.FahmyPlant Protect. Res. Instit, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptHassan F.DahiPlant Protect. Res. Instit, Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181025This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical defensive mechanisms in larvae of <em>S. littoralis</em> (Biosd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from cotton fields in two Egyptian Governorates (Kalyobia and Behira), sprayed with spinetoram as well as its impact effect upon carbohydrate metabolism. The role played of spinetoramon different major defensive enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) , non specific esterases and acetylcholinesterase(AChE) was discussed. It seems that these enzymes are not greatly involved in the detoxifying process of spinetoram except <strong>a</strong> marked over production of AChE reached up to 18.7% as well as the concentration of its substrate, ACh with an increase reached up to 42.8%. Spinetoram had also a prominent effect upon carbohydrate metabolism as in glycogen content which was decreased by 34.9%, LDH also was inhibited to 55.7% while trehalase had an elevated activity by 22.8%.In general, Behira Governorate was more affected and more sensitive to spinetoram rather than Kalyobia Governorate. The present work is an introductory study to understand the outline of the mechanism of this bioinsecticide as well as the resistance mechanisms may arise in the future.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Relationship between certain tested spraying techniques and residual activity of pyriproxyfen as a lost spray between cotton plants against S-littorolis (Bosid)27311755310.21608/eajbsf.2009.17553ENF. A.BakrRedaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityNevein S.AhmedCentral Agric. Pest. Lab., Agric Res. Centre, Dokki, Giza, EgyptNoha A.M.GeneidyEntomology Dept., fac. of science; Ain shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptM. A.HindySpray Tech. Rec. Dept., Plant pro tec. Res. Instit, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptRehab A. A.DarSpray Tech. Rec. Dept., Plant pro tec. Res. Instit, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181025The present work was carried out to determine quality, quantity of lost spraying on ground and the biological efficiency produced by three ground equipment, knapsack motor sprayer (20L/fed) compression hand held sprayer (94L/fed), and conventional ground motor sprayer (600L/fed). Pyriproxyfen formulation was used for controlling S<em>. littoralis (Bosid)</em> on cotton fields with recommended dose and 3/4 recommended dose during season 2006. Date showed that the disappearance of pyriproxyfen residue from soil takes place at the 15<sup>th</sup> day for Agromondo and Kwazar sprayer treatments, while at the 21<sup>st</sup> day for wisconson conventional sprayer treatments. The amount of pyriproxyfen residue in soil sprayed with 3/4 recommended dose rate was less than that sprayed with full recommended dose rate for the three sprayers. Agromondo sprayer revealed the least amount of pyriproxyfen residues in soil followed by kwazar sprayer and wisconson motor sprayer revealed the largest amount of residues. Also data showed that there was no significant difference between 3/4 recommended dose rate and full recommended dose rate with pyriproxyfen in case of agromondo motor sprayer and hand held sprayer in bioefficacy.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Biochemical effects of two kinds of mineral oils and an IGR on adult female mealybug Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell)33401755410.21608/eajbsf.2009.17554ENNahla A.EzzPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research center, Giza, Egypt.Nedal M.FahmyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181025A study was conducted to offer a preliminary understanding of the role played by intensively used field controlling agents, two mineral oils, namely Alboleum and Super Misrona oils as well as an IGR, Admiral (pyriproxyfen) with the recommended doses upon adult female mealybug <em>Ferrisia virgata</em> (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera) as an arbitrary model for mealybugs. The present work points out to the importance of the delayed effect of these different compounds. The highest increase in the total protein content was achieved by Admiral reached 29.2% while Super Misrona caused the greatest enhancement in the total carbohydrates concentration (72.93%). On the other hand, Alboleum caused a highly significant inhibition in the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminases (GPT) reached 82.03 and 22.10 %, respectively. These biochemical changes were intensively discussed. Among most of the tested biochemical parameters, Admiral showed the strongest delayed effect.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Evaluation of some insecticides on whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and monitoring of pesticide residues in random samples of cabbage plants.41471755510.21608/eajbsf.2009.17555ENAzza I.MohamedCentral Agric. Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, EgyptJournal Article20181025The present investigation aims to study the monitoring of the whitefly <em>B. tabaci</em> adult susceptibility (Genn) in five Governorates, Giza, Behira, Gharbia, Faiyoum and Dakahlia. by evaluation the efficacy of some insecticides from organophosphorus compounds which still used in controlling some pests, such as Pirimiphos-methyl, Profenofos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Cyanofenphos and Diazinon. Dakahlia Governorate strain was the most susceptible one among all, followed by Giza, strain while Gharbia strain was the most resistant one.
In addition survey of pesticide residues in cabbage samples collected at random from local markets of the same Governorates in Egypt showed that, some pesticides were detected, however, others were not detected. The results revealed that cabbage samples were contaminated with different amount of pesticide residues. No pesticide exceeded the MRL in samples. Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Biological effects of Chitin-synthesis inhibitor, Hexaflumuron compound on the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)49571755610.21608/eajbsf.2009.17556ENF. A.BakrRedaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityMona I.MohammedDepartement of Entomology Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityAbd Elazim M.El-GammalPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterNoura M.MahdyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterJournal Article20181025<strong> </strong>
Feeding application of different concentrations of Consult on one day old and six day old of the 5<sup>th</sup> nymphal instar of the desert locust, <em>Schistocerca gregaria </em>(Forskal)showed mortal action on treated nymphs, failure in ecdysis to adults and prolongation in the 5<sup>th</sup> nymphal age and adults had malformed wings, colour changes of body and failure of completely getting rid the last nymphal exuvia.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Biochemical changes of the Chitin-synthesis inhibitor, Hexaflumuron (Consult) compound on the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)59681755810.21608/eajbsf.2009.17558ENF. A.BakrRedaDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams UniversityMona I.MohammedDepartment of Entomology - Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams UniversityAbd Elazeem M.El-GammalPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterNoura M.MahdyPlant Protection Research Institute, Agric. Res. CenterJournal Article20181025Feeding application of different concentrations of Consult on one day old and six day old of the 5<sup>th</sup> nymphal instar of the desert locust, <em>Schistocerca gregaria </em>(Forskal)showed reduction of total protein of haemolymph in nymphs and adults, also reduction in total ovary and testis protein of adults were observed.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Ferrisia virgata, Soluble powder formulation (Sp) of Alum and Citric acid, Alternative Pesticides against Mealy Bugs69721755910.21608/eajbsf.2009.17559ENGamal H.MohamedPlant Prot Res. Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptAshraf M. EL-KadyCentral Agricultural pesticide Lab Dokki, Giza, EgyptFatma A.MoharumCentral Agricultural pesticide Lab Dokki, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181025Citric acid and alum were prepared as soluble powder formulations (Sp 90 %). The insecticidal activity of both formulations against the striped mealy bug, <em>Ferrisia virgata </em>(Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Sweet Acacia, <em>Acacia farnesiana</em> (L.) (Leguminosae) was evaluated under filed conditions. The obtained data indicated that, both tested compounds showed a slight activity after three days from treatment, then their activity increased gradually to give the highest effectiveness after 18 days. The reduction percentages after18 days were 93.3 and 85.9 at 125 ppm incase of citric acid and alum respectively, where as the respective LT<sub>50</sub> values were 7.4 and 7.2 day. On other hand, there are significant differences were found between tested concentrations, exposure periods and the interaction between tested concentrations and exposure periods. According to our data citric acid and alum as soluble powder formulations exhibited highly activity and are potential candidates as new alternative pesticides for the control of mealy bug on Acacia plants.Egyptian Society of Biological SciencesEgyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control2090-07911120091201Washing the insecticides due to natural events or mechanical reason after application and its efficiency against immature stages of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and on associated parasitoids73801756010.21608/eajbsf.2009.17560ENHomam B.HomamDep. Vegetable Pests Research, Plant Protection Research Institute,ARC
Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptMohamed H. A.SolimanDep. Vegetable Pests Research, Plant Protection Research Institute,ARC
Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptMona A.MohamedDep. Vegetable Pests Research, Plant Protection Research Institute,ARC
Dokki, Giza, 12618 EgyptJournal Article20181025Efficient chemical is achieved when insecticides are active against insect pests and safe to natural enemies (parasitoids). In this study the toxicity of four toxicants, Pyriproxifen (10% EC), Imidacloprid (20% SG), Methoxyphenozide (24% SC) and CAPL-2 (96% EC) are used to explore the role of washing insecticides after 1, 12 and 24 hours of application against immature stages of <em>Bemisia tabaci </em>(Genn.) and associated parasitoids <em>(Encarsia lutea </em>Masi. and <em>Eretmocerus mundus </em>Mercet). The washing may be due to natural events (rainfall, mist or dewy) or mechanical reason (any irrigation system causes washing). Statistical analysis was showed that, the tested insecticides have significant differences on two cases of application (unwashed and washed insecticides) against eggs, nymphs of <em>B. tabaci</em> and associated parasitoids in all tested compounds after 1 and 12 hours of washing insecticides, while after 24hr. of insecticidal washing causes non significant difference between two cases except for Pyriproxifen (10% EC) gave significant difference after three times of washing against eggs. This may be due to that compound act as Insect Growth Regulator (IGR). Insecticides washing cause decrease in efficiency of insecticides against the target (pest), but causes passive effect against the parasitoids.
The differences value between previous cases of application, in case of eggs range between (11.68-55.57), (17.32-43.48) and (9.77-28.0) after 1, 12 and 24 hr., respectively. But, nymph ranged between (14.49&19.98), (8.41&16.5) and (0.93 & 2.52) after 1, 12 and 24 hr., respectively, while in parasitoid recorded (3.8 & 7.02), (2.68 & 2.97) and (0.1 & 2.3) after 1, 12, 24 hr, respectively.
Toavoid the insecticidal washing must be taken in consideration:
1- Check the metrologistic report and schedule irrigation time of pivot or any irrigation system causes washing the insecticides from plants.
2- Do not apply the insecticides at expected rainfall, mist or dewy.