2024-03-29T14:42:45Z
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=3636
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Assessments the toxic effects of entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringeinsis subsp. kurstaki, and methomyl insecticide on larval instars of the greater sugarcane borer; Sesamia cretica (Lederer)
Mohamed
Aly
Mahmoud
Soliman
Ebrahim
Mohamed
Hassan
Dahi
Sherehan
Salem
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel 2x® 6.4 % WP) against, 1st and 2nd instar Larvae of Sesamia cretica compared with methomyl (Lannate 90 % SP). After 48 hours from treatment, The LC50 value of B. thuringiensis for 1st instar and 2nd larvae were 0.00526 and 0.7 gm, respectively. While the LC50 of methomyl after 24h. for 1st instar and 2nd larvae were 3394 and 5481 ppm, respectively. After treatment of 1st and 2nd instars larvae of S. cretica with LC50 concentrates of B. thuringiensis, the average larval duration of S. cretica were (36.53 & 24.69) and (33.78& 20.31) days for treated and untreated, respectively. In addition, the pupation percentage was (47 & 92 %) and (18 & 84 %) for treated and untreated, respectively. The larval mortality percentage was (53 & 8 %) and (82 & 16 %) for treated and untreated, respectively. The pupal weight for (treated & untreated), S. cretica were (0.1887 & 0.184 gm) and (0.1842 & 0.1601 gm) when it treated as 1st and 2nd instars larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the pupal duration were (12.14 & 10) and (10.44 & 9.83 days) for (treated & untreated), when S. cretica treated as 1st and 2nd instar larvae, respectively. The total adult emergence for 1st instar and 2nd instar larvae were (94 & 100%) and (100 & 100%) for treated and untreated, respectively.
On the other hand results indicated that, after treatment of 1st and 2nd instar larvae of S. cretica with LC50 concentrates of methomyl, the average larval duration of S. cretica were (31.41 & 24.69) and (33.87& 20.31) days for treated and control, respectively. The pupation percentage was (34 & 92 %) and (28& 84 %) for treated and untreated when S. cretica treated as 1st and 2nd instars larvae, respectively. The larval mortality percentages were (66 & 8 %) and (72 & 16 %) for treated & untreated, respectively. The pupal weight for treated and control, were (0.1626 & 0.184 gm) and (0.1994 & 0.1601 gm), respectively. The pupal duration were (12.41 & 10) and (10.83 & 9.83) days for treated and untreated, respectively. The total emergence percentage for 1st instar larvae were (100 & 100 %) and (85.7& 100%) for 2nd instar larvae for each (treated & untreated), respectively.
Bacillus thuringeinsis subsp. Kurstaki
Methomyl
the greater sugarcane borer
2011
12
01
1
9
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17431_9d1975f10f4a98e2dc05fc94ec01893e.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Effect of lufox, on Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Jafar
Hosseinzadeh
Younes
Karimpour
Hossein
Farazmand
Lobesia botrana, is a major pest of vineyards in the world. Lufox is being an IGR insecticide and is a mixture of Lufenuron and Fenoxicarb. In this study the effect of Lufox and Phosalone was carried out against the three pest generations. Different factors including: percentage of infected bunches, and percentage of infected berries to grape berry moth recorded. The results showed significant differences between the treatments. The average numbers damaged in each bunch were 0.91 in Lufox treatments, whereas the average of the damaged in each bunch in the treatment of Phosalone and control were 2.74 and 10.45, respectively.
Lobesia botrana
Lufox
lufenuron
Fenoxicarb
Phosalone
IGR insecticide
2011
12
01
11
17
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17432_d301f8ba2ac5aa08b9087bfb40ca77e2.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Effect of pesticides mixture of dimethoate and methidathion on acetylcholinestrase during embryo development using chick embryo model
Mohammed
Alhifi
Pesticides mixture (dimethoate 30% and methidathion 40%) prepared by the farmers in Yemen and engaged in the cultivation of Qat, which is chewed by people every day including pregnant women. Therefore, the developing embryos in the society are more vulnerable than adults to the chronic cholinergic intoxication. This study aimed to examine the chronic effect of pesticides mixture on the AChE of developmental embryo in an avian model, which does not share the maternal potential confounds. For this, fresh fertile chicken eggs (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used. The lethal concentration of pesticides mixture for 50% killing (LD50) values was computed on the basis of probit analysis and was found to be 40 ppm. 1/5th LD50 and 1/10th LD50 (8 and 4 ppm) were chosen to be the tested doses. Eggs weighing 54±1 gm were separated in to 3 batches of 10 eggs each batch. One batch of embryos was injected with normal saline and the other batches of embryos injected with pesticides mixture of 4 and 8 ppm each alternative day starting from incubation day 7 for 2 weeks. On day 21 after 12 hours of the last dose an amount of 200 µl blood was collected from the blood vessels surrounding the embryonic membranes and the heamolyzate was used for the assessment of the AChE activity calorimetrically. Result of this study indicated that 1/10th of the LD50 had only marginal effect on the AChE activity (40.6%). Whereas 1/5th of the LD50 of pesticides mixture caused significant inhibition of AChE activity (69%) which could not be reversible. So neuro-developmental consequences such as behavioral changes and memory impairment may prolong throughout the life span of the embryo.
embryo
pesticide mixture
AChE
2018
10
24
19
26
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17433_ce91020d5855880012ffce42f9aa79b9.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Insecticidal Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var Kurstaki on the Various Instars Larvae of Plutellax ylostella L. (Lep.: plutellidae) Under Laboratory Condition
Shaban
Ranjbari
Mohammad
Safaralizadeh
Shahram
Aramideh
Due to economic importance of diamondback moth pest andresistance to conventional insecticides, it is necessary to use novel andsuitable compounds in control programs. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity ofBacillus thuringiensis to four instars larvae of diamondback moth, Plutellaxylostella (L.). In this study 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars larvae wereexposed to different concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis. Theexposure times were 24, 48 and 72 h for oral trials. Experiments were performedin complete randomized block design with four replications. After treatment thesamples were held under constant conditions in laboratory rearing room (25±2oC,50±5% RH and 14 and 10 hrs. L: D photoperiod).The maximum mortality rate for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars larvae in 90, 140,200 and 250 ppm of Bacillus thuringiensis was achieved 98.33, 97.67, 96.67and 90% after 72 h, respectively. Our results suggest Bacillusthuringiensis could be an important agent in control of larval instarsof Plutella xylostella.
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bioassay
cabbage
Plutella xylostella
2011
12
01
27
32
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17434_12592f5062eb853af7c97d18e32ea969.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Effect of UV-light, temperature, indoor dark and day light storage, on the stability and biological effectiveness of some insecticides
Mahmoud
Soliman
The degradation and biological effectiveness of five insecticides, ES-Fenvalerate (Soumi Gold), pirimicarb (Afox), imidacloprid (Emax), buprofenzin (Ablloud) and methomyl (Methiolate) in their aqueous preparations and emulsifiable concentrates on immature stages of whitefly insect, Bemisia tabaci when exposed to UV-light, two temperature degrees and day light and dark storage after exposure intervals. The results indicated that rates of degradation of the five tested insecticides are varied according to the chemical structure, time of exposure and wavelength of UV-rays used. Methomyl was the most affected by UV-rays among of the five insecticides. Loss rate of ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl within this period were 11.30, 14.80, 29.03, 31.83 and 39 %, respectively after one hour to UV-rays exposure. Significant increase of LC50 value was obtained when ES-Fenvalerate in aqueous preparation was exposed to UV-light for 6 hr. LC50 values and their confidence ranges in aqueous preparations and emulsifiable concentrates were 107.5 ppm (51.7–199.2) and 93.10ppm (48.3–150.4). The residual level of ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl were 13.52, 17.54 ppm.; 12.67, 15.87 ppm .; 11.78, 16.47 ppm .; 11.38, 14.73 ppm .; and 11.36, 11.83 ppm for two days exposed to daylight and dark storage, respectively . Insecticides could be arranged according LC50 values at zero-time as follow: ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl. The corresponding values of LC50 were 3.40, 15.4, 15.6, 16.2 and 23.5 ppm for daylight storage, respectively. On the other hand the dark storage exposure for the tested insecticides could be arranged according LC50 values as follow: ES-Fenvalerate, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, buprofenzin and methomyl. The corresponding LC50 were 3.20, 14.8, 14.9, 15.9 and 21.3 ppm, respectively. In general, the amount recovered after one day at 45 °C exposure were 14.63, 12.84, 12.79, 12.14 and 11.76 ppm, for ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl, respectively. While the amount recovered after three days at 45 °C exposure were 9.28, 8.34, 7.76, 7.72 and 5.83 ppm for ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl, respectively. Efficiency against immature stages of whitefly insect, B. tabaci was affected when aqueous preparations of the five tested insecticides were stored at 45 °C for one and three days compared to those stored under normal condition of 25 °C for the same periods of time. Generally it could be concluded that buprofenzin and methomyl, were more affected by UV-light, storage and temperature than ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb and imidacloprid.
: UV-light
Temperature
indoor dark and day light storage
biological effectiveness
2011
12
01
33
42
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17435_dbf76c3a0f46ab765a4e23c2d7e4d772.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Combination of Microwave Radiation and Cold Storage for Control of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Col.: Silvanidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Col.:Curculionidae).
Somayyeh
Ghasemzadeh
Ali
Pourmirza
Mohammad
Safaralizadeh
Mostafa
Maroufpoor
Shahram
Aramideh
The impact of microwave radiation in conjunction with cold storage on Oryzaephilus surinsmensis (Herbst) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) adults either continuously or intermittently was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The insects were exposed to 2450 MHz at power level of 100 W for exposure time of 10 min continuously and intermittently. In all experiments, the highest mortality rate was achieved for intermittent exposure time of 10 min and 72 h cold storage duration. Intermittent exposures were generally more effective in killing insects of both species compared with those of continuous irradiation. Combinations of microwave radiation and cold storage were found highly compatible and synergistic. The synergistic interaction indicates that microwave radiation can be used with cold storage for management of Oryzaephilus surinsmensis and Sitophilus oryzae adults. This treatment could pave the way for an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique under field conditions.
: Microwave irradiation
Heat treatment
Stored products pests
Synergistic impact
2011
12
01
43
50
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17436_666222f107560ad329215df107bddad2.pdf
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control
2090-0791
2090-0791
2011
3
1
Pesticide detoxifying mechanism in field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) from South India
Muthusamy
Muthusamy
Shivakumar
Shivakumar
Karthi
Karthi
Ramkumar
Ramkumar
Thearmy worm Spodoptera litura(fabricius) is one of the most damaging pests of ground nut and castor in India. Wedetermine the susceptibility of S. litura reared on a castor leaves, tothree insecticides (Temephos, Dichlorvos, and lambda-cyhalothrin) underlaboratory conditions, associated withthe enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE),glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione S- reductase (GSH) in thislarvae. Among treatments Dichlorvos showed high mortality then lambdacyhalothrin and Temephos in whole body of the insect. The AChE activities of Spodoptera litura treated with lambdacyhalothrin, Temephos at 10ppm were almost 1.5 fold high. The CarE activity at10ppm was almost 3 fold high. The GSH and GST activity were low then control(0.2 ± 0.4, 1.5 µM mg protein-1 min-1). The present studysuggests that esterase and acetylcholine esterase may play a role in detoxificationof synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphates in Spodoptera litura from South India.
Esterases
Synthetic pyrethroid
Organophosphates
Army worm
detoxifying enzyme
2011
12
01
51
57
https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17437_7ad6fa8733473597e6d46912256db3f6.pdf