@article { author = {Dawood, Azza and Farghaly, Sayeda}, title = {Resistance to Confidor (imidacloprid) in Two Sap-Sucking Insects and Cross-Resistance to Several Insecticides}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17128}, abstract = {Laboratory selection pressure was implemented tothe adults  of  cowpea Aphis craccivora  ( Koche ) as well as adults  of  whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) collected from Behira field-strain tobuild up resistance toward confidor (imidacloprid)  insecticide. The level of selection pressurewas carried out using LC25 and LC50 values  of tested compound . After 15 generations, thelevel of resistance to confidor (imidacloprid) was 73.78 folds  for B. tabaci and 78.40 fold  for A. craccivora. The two strainsshowed cross-resistance to primiphos-methyl (actilic) (9.64 and 7.04 fold) for B-tabaciand A. craccivora  respectively,while these strains showed high resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (karate) anddiafenthiuron ( polo) with 73.90 and 33.73 fold for A. craccivora   respectively and it was 50.41 and 19.07 foldfor B. tabaci  respectively.}, keywords = {Aphis craccivora,Bemisia tabaci,Cross-resistance,Imidacloprid}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17128.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17128_f933d20e9dfe4ea40f5cf874eec7a5e7.pdf} } @article { author = {Bakr, Reda and Refaei, Baraka and Radwan, Eman and El-Heneady, Aliaa}, title = {Toxicological and Biochemical Effects of Malathion and Spinosad on the Peach Fruit Fly, Bacterorcera zonata (saunders)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {7-19}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17129}, abstract = {Toxicity of Malathion and Spinosad to pupal and adult (male and female) stages of the peach fruit fly, Bacterorcera zonata (Saunders) was investigated in laboratory. The adult stage was more susceptible than pupal stage and adult females were more tolerant than males to effect the two insecticides. Malathion and Spinosad were more effective by using residual thin film( LC50=4.28 & 4.51 and 1.14 & 2.50 ppm for males & females, respectively) than feeding technique (LC50 = 6.40 & 6.49 and 2.83 & 4.13 ppm for males & females, respectively).  The results revealed that the resistance ratio of Spinosad (10.0 &10.9 folds for female & male) in field population was higher than Malathion (5.4 & 4.8 folds for female & male) compared with lab insects. The treatment of lab insects with LC50 of Malathion and Spinosad for five generations produced 16 and 4 folds of resistance ratio. Malathion and Spinosad caused a significant depletion of total protein contents in the whole body tissues of treated and resistant insects. Significant increase in activity of Glutathione-S-Transferase and Acetylch-olinesterase enzymes was detected in treated male & female adults.}, keywords = {Aphis craccivora Bemisia tabaci Cross-resistance Malathion,Spinosad}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17129.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17129_aba30b2df46de584d4b429d44770d4ac.pdf} } @article { author = {Dawood, Azza}, title = {Monitoring Resistance in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to the Efficiency of Three Insecticides in Relation to Some Detoxification Enzymes.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17130}, abstract = {Monitoring resistance in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn) in the three Egyptian Governorates, Beni-suif, Giza and Sharkia using three insecticides from the neonicotinoid compounds confidor (imidacloprid), actara (thiamethoxam) and chess (pymetrozin) were studied. To obtained results clearly indicated a great effect of these neonicotinoid with LC50ʹs 0.02, 0.05 and 0.13 ppm forconfidor, actara and chess, respectively, against laboratory strain. The insecticide confidor was most potent one among the three tested insecticides with less LC50ʹs 0.03, 0.35 and 0.49 for Beni-suif, Giza and Sharkia respectively. Beni-suif field population was the most susceptible one compared with the other populations, where LC50 values were 0.12, 0.03 and 0.25 ppm for actara, confidor and chess, respectively. Thus, the collected adults in different populations  which treated with insecticides under this study compared with   laboratory strain. Sharkia Governorate population displayed the highest resistant ratios at LC50 and LC90 levels were,14.8 and 13.8 fold for actara, 24.5 and 19.3 fold for confidor and 28.6&17.9 fold for chess insecticide, respectively. Also, quantifying the activity of the detoxification enzymes (MFOs, GST and α-esterases) were assessed, it was found that a correlation between the increasing in resistance and the activity of these enzymes. Beni-suif Governorate population which was susceptible one among all tested populations, it showed less levels in detoxifying enzymes activity, with values 32.2, 6.13 and 27.63 for α-esterase, GST and MFOs respectively.}, keywords = {resistance,Bemisia tabaci (Genn). insecticides}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17130.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17130_7316a681e1f1745a79f1df0a69a1a1af.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Ansary, Naser and Ali, Fouad and El-Tawil, Mohamed and Marzouk, Emad}, title = {Reproductive Toxicity of Dermally Applied Mixture of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in A commercial Formulation to Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {29-41}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17131}, abstract = {Mixing organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides becomes common in Egypt sincemid-1980s and result in an impairment of male reproductive function. Thepresent investigation was conducted to study certain criteria used to evaluatethe reproductive toxicity of treated male rats with the commercial preparationof OP/PYR mixture, namely Runsave,which  contains 30% chlorpyrifos (CPF) and 3% lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) compared to its individual commercialcomponents of 48% E.C (CPF) and 5%E.C (LTC). Adult male rats weretreated dermally with sublethal dose of each toxicant (6 rats each) onalternate day for 8 weeks, then they were sacrificed except few rats thattreated with Runsave mixture. The relative testes weights, semen picture,activities of plasma and brain cholinesterases as well as histopathological changesin testes were determined. The remaining rats that treated with Runsave wereallowed to mate with untreated adult females. Results showed that the candidatetoxicants brought about marked reduction in testes relative weights, spermcounts and motilities, activities of plasma and brain cholinesterases (ChEs) and caused histopathological alterations in testes of treated rats, all in comparison with those ofcorresponding control group. Generally, the commercial preparation Runsave haspotentially greater toxic impact for rats than its components alone. Male ratstreated with Runsave and allowed to mate with receptive untreated females,their reproductive capabilities were greatly diminished.}, keywords = {Organophosphate and Pyrethroid insecticides mixture,dermal exposure,Cholinesterases,reproductive capacity,semen picture,histopathological changes in albino rats}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17131.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17131_698eca4a3853d7af81446697d90e7217.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaffar, S. and Mikhail, W. and Sobbhy, H. and Elmasry, A. and Omar, H.}, title = {Integrated Pest Management of Leafminer Moth,Tuta absoluta on Tomato}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {43-55}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17132}, abstract = {Different control programs were conducted on spring and summer seasons, 2013 to determine the effectiveness of these programs against the  leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in tomato crop as follow: program A (Chemical+ Pheromone); B (Spinosad+ Trichogramma+ Pheromone); C (Neem+ Trichogramma +  Pheromone); D (BT+ Trichogramma+Pheromo); E (Oil+Trichogramma+ Pheromone) and F (Control)”. Results indicated that highly significant differences between different programs during the two seasons (spring and summer). Program (B) “Spinosad + Trichogramma + Pheromone” was more efficient than other programs in reduction T. absoluta during  two seasons. The results obtained that the numbers of catches natural enemies in spring season less than summer season. In addition, program A “Coragen 20%+Pheromone“ was more toxic to different species of natural enemies than the other programs compared with control (untreated) on spring and summer seasons. The results obtained that the numbers of catches natural enemies in spring season less than summer season using sweeping net, except catching Coccinellidae in spring more than catching in summer season.Program A “Coragen 20%+Pheromone“ was more toxic to different species of natural enemies than the other programs on two seasons. Highest yield production in spring comparison with summer season in all control programs. The maximum yield production in program B “Spinosad+ Trichogramma+ Pheromone), whereas, in summer season the maximum production yield obtained after treated with Spinosad + Trichogramma + Pheromone. The maximum weight of 100 fruits after applied program B “Spinosad + Trichogramma + Pheromone”. But in summer season the maximum weight was found after applied program B “Spinosad + Trichogramma + Pheromone”. The percentage of fruits were higher in summer than spring seasons.  In spring season the maximum number of fruits/plant after treated program B “Spinosad + Trichogramma + Pheromone”. While the maximum number of fruits/plant in summer season in program C “Neem + Trichogramma + Pheromone”.}, keywords = {Integrated pest management. Leafminer moth,tomato plants}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17132.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17132_5d380e940cc65b3576063f302ee4385a.pdf} } @article { author = {Kordy, Ahmed}, title = {Effect of Sodium Chloride on Germination of Dodder (Cuscuta trifolii Bab) and Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Seeds}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {57-64}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17133}, abstract = {Different concentrates of sodium chloride(100,200, 300,400 and 500 mM)were applied against the seeds of dodder(Cuscuta trifolii Bab), at thefaculty of agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University during the years of2014 and 2015. Different morphological and biochemical characters wereassessed. The effects of different concentrates of NaCl on seed germination andprotein of Cuscuta trifolii Bab and Trifolium alexandrinum seedscleared that Trifolium alexandrinum is more tolerant to salinity than Cuscutatrifolii Bab. So, NaCl can be used as a pre emergency agent to control theseeds of Cuscuta trifolii Bab to avoid the harmful herbicides thataffect the environment and contaminate the foliage. At the Same time it will bemore safe in animal feeding.}, keywords = {sodium chloride,seed germination,Cuscuta trifolii Bab and Trifolium alexandrinum}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17133.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17133_5093ab1fc2015417f3cd0139d6c39013.pdf} } @article { author = {Abotaleb, Abeer and Ahmed, Salwa and Hamed, Ragaa and Asran, AbdAlmawgod and ELSawaf, Bahira,}, title = {Effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana applied alone or incombination with diatomaceous earth as protectants of wheat grains against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {65-72}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17134}, abstract = {Laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess the insecticidal efficacy of the formulated fungi, Beauveria bassiana used alone or in combination with a formulated diatomaceous earth (DE) against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica on wheat grains. Mortality increased with increasing powder concentrations and DE was more effective than B. bassiana. Exposure of R. dominica adults to wheat grains treated with mixtures of B. bassiana and DE resulted in higher mortality values than each powder alone at various concentrations. When eggs were treated with LC50 of each powder alone a significant decrease in adult emergence was achieved. The LC95of the two powders caused complete inhibition of adult emergence. The mixture of the two powders caused complete inhibition in adults emergence except in case of LC25 mixtures which caused about 80% reduction in progeny production. In most cases, B. bassiana and DE treatments did not affect germination of wheat grains as indicated by germination tests.}, keywords = {Beauveria bassiana,Rhyzopertha dominica,Wheat grains}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17134.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17134_98ceddc5b49ea21b70d73a88ad737261.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Ibrahim and Zaki, A. and Hegab, M.}, title = {Impact Of Two Insecticides Recommended For Control of Bollworms by Using Different Sprayer Types on Certain Piercing-Sucking Pests and Associated Predators in Cotton Fields.}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {73-80}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17135}, abstract = {Field experiments were conducted for evaluating site effect of two insecticides namely, dursban (Chlorpyrifos) and sumi-alpha (Es-fenvalerate) recommended for cotton bollworms by using three sprayer types, convention motor sprayer (A), penumatic knapsack motor sprayer (Solo) (B) and penumatic knapsack motor sprayer (Solo) contact with micronor (developed knapsack motor) (C) on certain piercing-sucking pests and associated predators in cotton fields at Zagazig region Sharkia Governorate, Egypt throughout seasons 2014 and 2015. The results indicated that the highest mean reduction in the tested insects population was noticed for both dursban and sumi-alpha treatments by using the conventional sprayer (A). The corresponding averages of reduction percentages during the two seasons, 2014 and 2015 were 74.98 and 75.54 % for aphids,74.61 and 81.28 % for white fly,80.78 and 90.30 % for leafhoppers and 55.93 and 80.36 % for mites incase of dursban treatment, whereas these values were 65.48 and 73.25% for aphids,79.84 and 82,39 % for whight fly, 77.47 and 87.32 % for leafhoppers and 54.06 and 73.16% for mites when sumi-alpha was applied during the two seasons; respectively. In regarding the harmful effect on the associated predators, the highest relatively initial reduction value were recorded in the predators populations in plots sprayed  by the two tested pesticides when C sprayer type was used, where the initial effect recorded 100 % for the two tested pesticides for all inspected predators species, except for Scymnus spp. and Chrysoprella carnea in sumi-alpha plots which recorded 97.00 and 90.60 % in the 1st season and 97.32 and 93.60 % for the same predators species, respectively for dursban plots. In case of the mean of residual effect of the two tested pesticides on inspected predators species, the relatively highest reduction percentages ranged 93.45-96.95 % and 96.32-99.11 % in the population of Peaderus alfierii. and Coccinella spp. in plots applied with dursban by using C sprayer  in the 1st  and 2nd seasons, respectively}, keywords = {piercing-sucking pests predators,sprayer types Chloropyrifose Es-fenvalerate}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17135.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17135_016581f3e6387c66e6f1a77f6310bd9c.pdf} } @article { author = {Rasheed, Doaa and Abdel-Rahman, A. and Dahi, H. and El-Bamby, M.}, title = {Pyrethroids Resistance Mechanism in Egyptian Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {81-93}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17136}, abstract = {Synthetic pyrethroids have been developed with the aim to improve the specificity and activity of the natural insecticide pyrethrum. The pyrethroids are a functional toxin, causing adverse effects in a secondary way, as a consequence of neuronal hyper excitability. This is demonstrated by the lack of anatomo-pathologic injuries in the central nervous systems, even after repetitive acute intoxications (Parker et al., 1985). Development of resistance to pyrethroids (Lambda cyhalothrinon) in Spodoptera littoralis laboratory strain by selection pressure was studied under laboratory condition. This led to significant changes in biological (larval duration, pupal duration, adult longevity, fecundity and fertility) and biochemical aspects (total carbohydrates, total protein and total lipid contents) of treated larvae. It also caused significant changes in the main enzymes activities of the treated larvae.}, keywords = {resistance,Spodoptera littoralis,Pyrethroids,Lambda cyhalothrinon,biological aspects,Biochemical effects}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17136.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17136_2e7aee906ff0a736a9ad7364cb236750.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Bendary, H. and El-Helaly, A.}, title = {Nano Silica as A Promising Alternative in Control Sytophillus oryzae (L) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {95-102}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17137}, abstract = {  Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is a serious primary insect pest of the stored rice, wheat and maize grain. The present study aims to determine the efficiency of the three nano- candidates (hydrophilic, hypophilic and lipophilic silicate). These nano silicate products were tested against the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the number of mortality of S. oryzae were 51.0 ± 9.1, 70. 4 ± 9.6 and 73.0 ± 6.2 individuals after investigated with 5 mg/kg-1, the number of mortality scored a higher mortality reached to 99.0 ± 6.7, 89.0 ± 4.2 and 93.00 ± 2.2 with 10 mg/kg-1. In 20 mg/kg-1 treatments the number mortality of S. oryzae were significantly increased to 100.0 ± 0.0, 100.0 ± 0.0 and 100.0 ± 0.0 14 days post application, as compared to 1.0 ± 2.8, 1.0 ± 5.1 and 0.0 ± 3.1, respectively in the control and 79.0 ± 3.2, 69 ± 2.1 and 98 ± 3.1 with deltamethrin treatments. Number of emerged adults and the original activity remaining OAR% were calculated where it gave with 20 mg/kg-1 treatments 95.55, 95.16, 94.59, 74.24, 44.82 and 39.93 OAR% while it gave 94.07, 92.25, 88.54, 42.80, 26.20 and 0.00 OAR% with hydrophobic silicate. With lipophilic silicate the OAR% scored 94.81, 95.16, 92.36, 29.09, 16.55 and 7.29 after 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 days post treatment in comparison to 95.92, 94.51, 92.01, 60.20, 27.24 and 12.15 with deltamethrin. LC50 found to be 160, 220 and 330 mg/kg -1 for hydrophilic, hypophilic and lipophilic silicate; respectively while it is 40 mg/kg -1 in case of Deltamethrin.  This investigation lead to open up newer pathway of using nanomaterial-based technology  using hydrophilic nano silicate at 20 mg/kg-1 as an efficient candidate to control the rice weevil.}, keywords = {Sitophilus oryzae,Hydrophilic,Hypophilic and,lipophilic silicate}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17137.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17137_23c90d0ba724e82d867918f59780bb80.pdf} } @article { author = {Mikhail, W. and Sobbhy, H. and Gaffar, S. and Omar, H. and Elmasry, A.}, title = {Biological Control of the Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, gelechiidae)}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {103-112}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17138}, abstract = {Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy applied biological program“Spinosad+Trichogramma+ Pheromone "against the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato plants under open-field conditions on two tomato varieties (Supper strean and Casle rock) and its effect on the productivity of the crop in both two varieties under study. Results indicated the efficacy biological control program on mean number male moths and number larvae of T. absolutain Supper strean was higher than Casle rock, which gave low numbers 15.8, 1.5for Supper strean comparing  with Casle rock (21.9 and 1.9), respectively. Also, showed the effect of biological control program on number of natural enemies after use yellow sticky traps and sweeping net traps, had little effect on two tomato varieties comparison untreated plot.The results indicated that the weight of 100 fruits was high in the two varieties but on Supper strean was higher than Casle rock.The use of biological control program reduced percentage reduction in both two varieties but it was in Casle rock recorded a decrease less than Supper strean.The current study recorded that the mean number fruits/plant was higher in two varieties, but Supper strean more than Casle rock. But yield production after applied biological program on Supper strean was more than Casle rock, comparison untreated plot. Residue of Spinosad was determined after 1, 3, 7, 10 and 15 days from application, the concentration of Spinosad 2 h after treatment was 0.223 mg/kg. The residues amount decreased to 0.118 mg/kg within the first 24 h after application following that period residues decreased to 0.092, 0.074, and 0.015 mg/kg, at 3, 7, and 10 days after treatment, respectively, but after 15 days from treatment contained no detectable amount of spinosad.}, keywords = {bioinsecticide spinosad,Trichogramma,pheromone leafminer,T. absoluta,tomato plant}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17138.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17138_c6ac800dafc6c218f3d64190ce3fa7e9.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Hegab and Gh., Shokry}, title = {Toxic Activity of Salicylic and Tannic Acids on some Biological Parameters of Spiny Bollworm, Earias insulana and Glassy Clover Snail, Monacha cartusiana}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {113-126}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17139}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic and tannic acids on some biological aspects of spiny bollworm, Earias insulana including hatching percent, immature stages and mature stages. The study also extended to assess the effect of the same acids on the incubation period, hatching period and hatching percent of eggs of the glassy clover snail, Monacha cartusiana. Survival of the offspring hatched from M. cartusiana eggs treated with these acids has been also investigated. Results indicated that the effect of salicylic acid on E. insulana eggs was more than tannic acid effect. 55% was the highly larval mortality achieved by salicylic acid at1900 ppm. Tannic acid recorded the lowest larval duration 13.5 days at the concentration 1000 ppm. 0.0567 and 0.0457 g were the lowest larval and pupal weight recorded by tannic acid at 2000 ppm. The highly decreasing of pupal duration was observed at the concentration 500 ppm of tannic acid. 45 and 11% were the lowest pupation percent exhibited by salicylic acid at 1900 ppm and tannic acid at 1500 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, Tannic acid prevents egg laying at 2000 and 1500 ppm. The two acids decreased significantly the oviposition period, adult longevity, fecundity and the hatching percent. Regarding to the biological parameters of M. cartusiana snail, incubation and hatching periods increased by increasing the concentrations of the two acids. While, hatching percent of eggs decreased by increasing the concentrations of each acid. Salicylic acid at 2375 ppm gave the lowest hatching of eggs 43.88%. There was a reduction on survival of the offspring hatched from treated eggs by each tested acid. 65.02 % represent the lowest survival of the offspring snails achieved by salicylic acid at 2375 ppm.        }, keywords = {Earias insulana,Monacha cartusiana,Salicylic acid,tannic acid,biological aspects}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17139.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17139_89e4e5ac014fa8028e2625d994b33610.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sisi, Ahmed and Abd-Allah, Amal and Heikal, Gamila}, title = {Side Effects of Some Recommended Cupreous Fungicides Against Cotton Leafworm Infested Bean Seedling}, journal = {Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, F. Toxicology & Pest Control}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {127-131}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences}, issn = {2090-0791}, eissn = {2090-0864}, doi = {10.21608/eajbsf.2016.17140}, abstract = {Insecticidal efficiency of some inorganic cupreous fungicides was tested against cotton leafworm larvae infested bean seedlings. The tested materials were Del cup (copper sulphate) 6% SL, copper oxychloride 50% WP and Champion (copper hydroxide) 77 % WP. The compounds were tested by 3 doses 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 of their recommended rate as fungicides and sprayed using hand plastic sprayer 1 L capacity on bean seedling. Initial and latent toxicity against 2nd and 4th instar larvae also developmental effect against pupae and moth of cotton leafworm and antifeedent effect were studied. Results indicated that the tested fungicides showed slightly initial effect and high latent effect specially in case of copper sulphate and copper oxychloride against 2nd instar larvae enough to broke the life cycle of cotton leafworm, also the tested compounds showed antifeedent effects against larvae and the rate of their dose as fungicides is preferred for economic considerations. It could be said that besides using the tested compounds as fungicides, they could be considered as an element of IPM of controlling cotton leafworm.}, keywords = {Cupreous fungicides,cotton leafworm. bean seedlings}, url = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17140.html}, eprint = {https://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/article_17140_63de3fde82e58e1eb02e232e1b6f4fce.pdf} }